Theophylline
(thee of' i lin).
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198.181H-Purine-2,6-dione, 3,7-dihydro-1,3-dimethyl-, monohydrate.
Theophylline monohydrate
[5967-84-0].Anhydrous 180.17
[58-55-9].» Theophylline contains one molecule of water of hydration or is anhydrous. It contains not less than 97.0 percent and not more than 102.0 percent of C7H8N4O2, calculated on the dried basis.
Packaging and storage—
Preserve in well-closed containers.
Labeling—
Label it to indicate whether it is hydrous or anhydrous.
USP Reference standards 
11
—
11—
USP Theophylline RS 
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Identification—
B:
The retention time of the major peak in the chromatogram of the Assay preparation corresponds to that in the chromatogram of the Standard preparation, both relative to the internal standard, as obtained in the Assay.
Melting range 741:
between 270
and 274, but the range between beginning and end of melting does not exceed 3.
741:
between 270 and 274, but the range between beginning and end of melting does not exceed 3.
Acidity—
Dissolve 500 mg in 75 mL of water, and add 1 drop of methyl red TS: not more than 1.0 mL of 0.020 N sodium hydroxide is required to change the red color to yellow.
Loss on drying 731—
Dry it at 105 for 4 hours: the hydrous form loses between 7.5% and 9.5% of its weight, and the anhydrous form loses not more than 0.5% of its weight.
731—
Dry it at 105 for 4 hours: the hydrous form loses between 7.5% and 9.5% of its weight, and the anhydrous form loses not more than 0.5% of its weight.
Residue on ignition 281:
not more than 0.15%.
281:
not more than 0.15%.
Assay—
Buffer solution—
Transfer 2.72 g of sodium acetate trihydrate to a 2000-mL volumetric flask, add about 200 mL of water, and shake until dissolution is complete. Add 10.0 mL of glacial acetic acid, dilute with water to volume, and mix.
Mobile phase—
Transfer 70.0 mL of acetonitrile to a 1000-mL volumetric flask, dilute with Buffer solution to volume, and mix. Degas, and filter before using. Make adjustments if necessary (see System Suitability under Chromatography 621).
621).
Internal standard solution—
Transfer about 50 mg of theobromine, accurately weighed, to a 100-mL volumetric flask, dissolve in 10.0 mL of 6 N ammonium hydroxide, dilute with Mobile phase to volume, and mix.
Standard preparation—
Dissolve an accurately weighed quantity of USP Theophylline RS in Mobile phase, and dilute quantitatively, and stepwise if necessary, with Mobile phase to obtain a solution having a known concentration of about 1 mg per mL. Transfer 10.0 mL of this solution to a 100-mL volumetric flask, add 20.0 mL of Internal standard solution, dilute with Mobile phase to volume, and mix to obtain a solution having a known concentration of about 0.1 mg of USP Theophylline RS per mL.
Assay preparation—
Transfer about 100 mg of Theophylline, accurately weighed, to a 100-mL volumetric flask, add about 50 mL of Mobile phase, shake by mechanical means until solution is complete, dilute with Mobile phase to volume, and mix. Transfer 10.0 mL of this solution to a second 100-mL volumetric flask, add 20.0 mL of Internal standard solution, dilute with Mobile phase to volume, and mix.
Chromatographic system
(see Chromatography 621)—The liquid chromatograph is equipped with a 280-nm detector and a 4-mm × 30-cm column that contains packing L1. The flow rate is about 1.0 mL per minute. Chromatograph the Standard preparation, and record the peak responses as directed for Procedure: the resolution, R, between the theophylline and theobromine peaks is not less than 2.0, the tailing factor for the theophylline peak is not more than 2.0, and the relative standard deviation for replicate injections is not more than 1.5%.
621)—The liquid chromatograph is equipped with a 280-nm detector and a 4-mm × 30-cm column that contains packing L1. The flow rate is about 1.0 mL per minute. Chromatograph the Standard preparation, and record the peak responses as directed for Procedure: the resolution, R, between the theophylline and theobromine peaks is not less than 2.0, the tailing factor for the theophylline peak is not more than 2.0, and the relative standard deviation for replicate injections is not more than 1.5%.
Procedure—
Separately inject equal volumes (between 10 µL and 25 µL) of the Standard preparation and the Assay preparation into the chromatograph, and measure the peak responses for the major peaks. The retention time of theophylline relative to that of theobromine is about 1.6. Calculate the quantity, in mg, of C7H8N4O2 in the portion of Theophylline taken by the formula:
1000C(RU / RS)
in which C is the concentration, in mg per mL, of USP Theophylline RS in the Standard preparation, and RU and RS are the response ratios of the theophylline peak to the internal standard peak obtained from the Assay preparation and the Standard preparation, respectively.
Auxiliary Information—
Please check for your question in the FAQs before contacting USP.
| Topic/Question | Contact | Expert Committee |
|---|---|---|
| Monograph | Mary S. Waddell
Scientific Liaison 1-301-816-8124 |
(SM42010) Monographs - Small Molecules 4 |
| Reference Standards | RS Technical Services 1-301-816-8129 rstech@usp.org |
USP35–NF30 Page 4823
Pharmacopeial Forum: Volume No. 29(5) Page 1586