Choline Chloride
C5H14ClNO 139.62
(2-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride;
2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride
[67-48-1].
+'&img=../../images/v35300/cas-67-48-1.gif&casNumber=67-48-1&usp=35&nf=30&chemicalStructureImage=true&ID='+parent.myID,600,500);)
C5H14ClNO 139.62
(2-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride;
2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride
[67-48-1].DEFINITION
Choline Chloride contains NLT 99.0% and NMT 100.5% of choline chloride (C5H14ClNO), calculated on the anhydrous basis.
IDENTIFICATION
• B. Identification Tests—General, Chloride 
191
:
A solution (1 in 20) meets the requirements.
191:
A solution (1 in 20) meets the requirements.
ASSAY
• Procedure
Sample:
120 mg
Titrimetric system
(See Titrimetry 541.)
541.)
Mode:
Direct titration
Titrant:
0.1 N silver nitrate VS
Endpoint detection:
Potentiometric
Blank:
35 mL of water. Add 3 drops of acetic acid.
Analysis:
Dissolve the Sample in 35 mL of water and add 3 drops of acetic acid. Titrate with Titrant.
Calculate the percentage of choline chloride (C5H14ClNO) in the Sample taken:
Result = [(V 
B) × N × F × 100]/W
B) × N × F × 100]/W
| V | = | = Sample titrant volume (mL) |
| B | = | = Blank titrant volume (mL) |
| N | = | = titrant normality (mEq/mL) |
| F | = | = equivalency factor, 139.6 mg/mEq |
| W | = | = weight of the Sample (mg) |
Acceptance criteria:
99.0%–100.5% on the anhydrous basis
IMPURITIES
• Residual Solvents 467:
Meets the requirements, except that the limit for 1,4-dioxane is 10 µg/g
467:
Meets the requirements, except that the limit for 1,4-dioxane is 10 µg/g
• Residue on Ignition 281:
NMT 0.05%
281:
NMT 0.05%
• Arsenic, Method I 211
211
Analysis:
Add 30 mL of water and 5 mL of hydrochloric acid to dissolve the sample.
Acceptance criteria:
NMT 2 ppm
• Lead 251
251
[Note—Use methylene chloride in place of chloroform to prepare the Dithizone Extraction Solution and Standard Dithizone Solution. ]
Solution A:
Transfer 8.4 g of sodium hydroxide solution (1 in 2) to a plastic bottle, add 100 mL of ammonium hydroxide, and mix.
Standard solution:
Transfer 1.0 mL of the Diluted Standard Lead Solution to a separatory funnel containing 25.0 mL of water.
Sample solution:
Dissolve 3.00 g of Choline Chloride in a separatory funnel containing 25.0 mL of water.
Analysis
Samples:
Standard solution and Sample solution
Separately add 6.0 mL of Ammonium Citrate Solution and 3.0 mL of Potassium Cyanide Solution to the Standard solution and the Sample solution. Extract each of the resulting solutions three times with 5.0-mL portions of Dithizone Extraction Solution, shaking for 60 s and draining off each extract into another separator. Shake the combined dithizone solutions for 30 s with 20.0 mL of nitric acid (1 in 100), and discard the methylene chloride layer. Add 6.0 mL of Ammonia–Cyanide Solution, 2 mL of Solution A, and 10 mL of Standard Dithizone Solution, and shake for 45 s. Allow the phases to separate, and measure the absorbance of the lower layer at 510 nm with a suitable spectrophotometer.
Acceptance criteria:
The absorbance of the Sample solution is NMT the absorbance of the Standard solution (NMT 0.3 ppm).
• Heavy Metals, Method II 231:
NMT 10 ppm
231:
NMT 10 ppm
• Limit of Total Amines
Standard solution:
500 µg/mL of trimethylamine hydrochloride in water
Sample solution:
Transfer 10.0 g of Choline Chloride to a beaker containing a plastic-coated stirring bar, add 170 mL of water and 30.0 mL of sodium hydroxide TS, and stir until dissolved.
System suitability stock solution:
10 µg/mL of trimethylamine hydrochloride in water
System suitability solution:
Transfer 10.0 mL of System suitability stock solution to a beaker containing a plastic-coated stirring bar, add 160 mL of water and 30.0 mL of sodium hydroxide TS, and stir until dissolved.
Electrode system:
Use a gas-sensing, ammonia-specific indicating electrode with internal reference connected to a pH meter capable of measuring potentials with a minimum reproducibility of ±0.1 mV (see pH 791).
791).
Standard response line:
Mix 30.0 mL of sodium hydroxide TS, and 170 mL of water. Add a plastic-coated stirring bar, insert the electrode into the solution, and record the potential, in mV. Continue stirring, and at 5-min intervals add 0.200, 0.600, 1.00, and 2.00 mL of Standard solution, and record the potential after each addition. Plot the logarithms of the cumulative trimethylamine hydrochloride concentrations (0.50, 1.50, 2.50, and 5.00 µg/mL) versus potential, in mV, and determine the slope (S) of the Standard response line for the electrode.
System suitability
Sample:
System suitability solution
Proceed as directed in Analysis, except to replace the Sample solution with the System suitability solution and in the formula below to replace W with V, which equals 10 mL.
Suitability requirements:
The total change is NLT 10 mV for a 0.4-mL cumulative addition of the Standard solution; the amount of trimethylamine hydrochloride found is 8.5–11.5 µg/L.
Analysis
Samples:
Standard solution and Sample solution
Rinse the electrode, insert it into the Sample solution, stir, and record the potential, in mV. Add 0.100 mL of the Standard solution, and record the potential. Add another 0.100 mL of the Standard solution, and record the potential. [Note—If the total change after the second addition of the Standard solution is less than 10 mV, add a third aliquot of 0.200 mL. ]
Calculate the content, in µg/g, of total amines as trimethylamine hydrochloride in the portion of sample taken:
Result = (CS × VA)/[(F 1) × W]
1) × W]| CS | = | = concentration of Standard solution (µg/mL) |
| VA | = | = total volume of the Standard solution added to the Sample solution (mL) |
| W | = | = weight of Choline Chloride taken to prepare the Sample solution (g) |
| F | = | = correction factor, calculated by the formula: |
F = antilog [(mVF mV0)/S]
mV0)/S]| mVF | = | = final reading after the additions of the Standard solution (mV) |
| mV0 | = | = initial reading of the Sample solution (mV) |
| S | = | = slope of the Standard response line for the electrode |
Acceptance criteria:
NMT 10 µg/g
• Chromatographic Purity
Buffer solution:
7.1 g/L of anhydrous dibasic sodium phosphate. Adjust with phosphoric acid to a pH of 2.5.
Mobile phase:
Buffer solution and acetonitrile (7:3)
Standard solution:
Transfer an amount, NMT 100 mg, of USP Choline Chloride RS to a 24-mL screw-capped vial, and add 400 mg of 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl chloride and 10 mL of acetonitrile. Cap the vial, heat to 55
, and continue heating for 2 h. Cool to room temperature, and add 5 mL of water. Allow to stand for 5 min. Quantitatively transfer the solution to a 25-mL volumetric flask, and dilute with acetonitrile to volume. Dilute a volume of this solution with Mobile phase to obtain a concentration of 2.0 µg/mL of USP Choline Chloride RS.
, and continue heating for 2 h. Cool to room temperature, and add 5 mL of water. Allow to stand for 5 min. Quantitatively transfer the solution to a 25-mL volumetric flask, and dilute with acetonitrile to volume. Dilute a volume of this solution with Mobile phase to obtain a concentration of 2.0 µg/mL of USP Choline Chloride RS.
Sample solution:
Transfer 110 mg of Choline Chloride to a 24-mL screw-capped vial. Dry at 120 for 2 h. Add 400 mg of 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl chloride and 10 mL of acetonitrile. Cap the vial, heat to 55, and continue heating for 2 h. Cool to room temperature, and add 5 mL of water. Allow to stand for 5 min. Quantitatively transfer the solution to a 50-mL volumetric flask, and dilute with Mobile phase to volume. Pipet 2.0 mL of the solution to a 25-mL volumetric flask, and dilute with Mobile phase to volume.
for 2 h. Add 400 mg of 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl chloride and 10 mL of acetonitrile. Cap the vial, heat to 55, and continue heating for 2 h. Cool to room temperature, and add 5 mL of water. Allow to stand for 5 min. Quantitatively transfer the solution to a 50-mL volumetric flask, and dilute with Mobile phase to volume. Pipet 2.0 mL of the solution to a 25-mL volumetric flask, and dilute with Mobile phase to volume.
Chromatographic system
Mode:
LC
Detector:
UV 208 nm
Column:
4.6-mm × 25-cm; packing L7
Column temperature:
30
Flow rate:
1.0 mL/min
Injection size:
20 µL
System suitability
Sample:
Standard solution
Suitability requirements
Capacity factor (k¢):
NLT 2
Relative standard deviation:
NMT 5%, determined from the choline derivative peak
Analysis
Samples:
Standard solution and Sample solution
Calculate the percentage of each impurity in the portion of Choline Chloride taken:
Result = (rU/rS) × (CS/CU) × 100
| rU | = | = peak response for each impurity, excluding that for the choline derivative and 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid from the Sample solution |
| rS | = | = peak response for the choline derivative from the Standard solution |
| CS | = | = concentration of USP Choline Chloride RS in the Standard solution (mg/mL) |
| CU | = | = concentration of Choline Chloride in the Sample solution (mg/mL) |
Acceptance criteria
Individual impurities:
NMT 0.3%
Total impurities:
NMT 2.0%
SPECIFIC TESTS
• pH 791:
4.0–7.0, in a solution (1 in 10)
791:
4.0–7.0, in a solution (1 in 10)
• Water Determination, Method I 921:
NMT 0.5%
921:
NMT 0.5%
ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS
• Packaging and Storage:
Preserve in well-closed containers.
• USP Reference Standards 11
11
USP Choline Chloride RS 
') + '&img=../../images/v35300/cas-67-48-1.gif',600,500);)
Auxiliary Information—
Please check for your question in the FAQs before contacting USP.
| Topic/Question | Contact | Expert Committee |
|---|---|---|
| Monograph | Huy T. Dinh, M.S.
Scientific Liaison 1-301-816-8594 |
(DS2010) Monographs - Dietary Supplements |
| Reference Standards | RS Technical Services 1-301-816-8129 rstech@usp.org |
USP35–NF30 Page 1246
Pharmacopeial Forum: Volume No. 31(1) Page 84