Homogentisic Acid
Structural Formula Vector Image
Title: Homogentisic Acid
CAS Registry Number: 451-13-8
CAS Name: 2,5-Dihydroxybenzeneacetic acid
Additional Names: 2,5-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid; 2,5-dihydroxy-a-toluic acid
Molecular Formula: C8H8O4
Molecular Weight: 168.15
Percent Composition: C 57.14%, H 4.80%, O 38.06%
Literature References: An important intermediate in metabolism of tyrosine and phenylalanine, q.q.v.. Occurs in plants and in the urine of alkaptonurics: Garrod, Inborn Errors of Metabolism (Oxford Medical Publications, London, 1923, and later). Isoln from alkaptonuric urine: Mörner, Z. Physiol. Chem. 117, 85 (1921). Synthesis from 2,5-dihydroxymandelic acid or from 2,5-dihydroxyphenylglyoxylic acid by boiling with fuming HI: Neubauer, Flatow, ibid. 52, 395 (1907). Alternate syntheses: L. DeForrest Abbott, J. D. Smith, J. Biol. Chem. 179, 365 (1949); S. B. Bostock, A. H. Renfrew, Synthesis 1978, 66; J. L. Bloomer, K. M. Damodaran, ibid. 1980, 111. Biosynthesis from tyrosine: Davies et al., J. Chem. Soc. 1964, 3126. Metabolic studies: W. E. Knox, M. LeMay-Knox, Biochem. J. 49, 686 (1951); B. N. LaDu, V. G. Zannoni, J. Biol. Chem. 217, 777 (1955).
 
Derivative Type: Monohydrate
Properties: Prisms from water. Anhydrous leaflets from hot alcohol + chloroform, mp 152°. Freely sol in water, alcohol, ether; insol in chloroform, benzene. Easily dehydrated to the lactone. Aq solns are stable.
Melting point: mp 152°
 
Derivative Type: Dimethyl ether
Molecular Formula: C10H12O4
Molecular Weight: 196.20
Percent Composition: C 61.22%, H 6.16%, O 32.62%
Properties: mp 124.5°.
Melting point: mp 124.5°
 
Derivative Type: Methyl ester dimethyl ether
Molecular Formula: C11H14O4
Molecular Weight: 210.23
Percent Composition: C 62.84%, H 6.71%, O 30.44%
Properties: mp 45°.
Melting point: mp 45°

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