Corn Syrup Solids
(korn sir' up).
» Corn Syrup Solids (Dried Glucose Syrup) is a dried mixture of saccharides obtained by partial hydrolysis of edible corn starch by food grade acids and/or enzymes. It contains not less than 20.0 percent reducing sugar content (dextrose equivalent) expressed as d-glucose, calculated on the dried basis.
Packaging and storage—
Preserve in tightly closed containers, and store in a cool and dry place.
Labeling—
Label it to indicate its nominal dextrose equivalent. Label it also to indicate the presence of sulfur dioxide if the residual concentration is greater than 10 µg per g.
USP Reference standards 
11
—
11—
USP Dextrose RS 
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Identification—
Add a few drops of a solution (1 in 20) to 5 mL of hot, alkaline cupric tartrate TS: a copious, red precipitate of cuprous oxide is formed (distinction from sucrose).
Microbial enumeration tests 61 and Tests for specified microorganisms 62—
The total aerobic microbial count does not exceed 1000 cfu per g, and the total combined molds and yeasts count does not exceed 100 cfu per g.
61 and Tests for specified microorganisms 62—
The total aerobic microbial count does not exceed 1000 cfu per g, and the total combined molds and yeasts count does not exceed 100 cfu per g.
Residue on ignition 281:
not more than 0.5%.
281:
not more than 0.5%.
Heavy metals, Method II 231:
5 µg per g, an ignition temperature of 500
being used.
231:
5 µg per g, an ignition temperature of 500 being used.
Starch—
Dissolve 1 g in 10 mL of water, and add 1 drop of iodine TS: a yellow color indicates the absence of soluble starch.
Total solids—
To determine the water content, proceed as directed for Water, Method Ia 921, except to use an accurately weighed amount of Corn Syrup Solids (WU ) for the Test Preparation; under Standardization of the Reagent* to proceed as directed, except to use the formula for significant amounts of water (1% or more); and under the Procedure to calculate the water content in the Test Preparation as WW = SF. Calculate the percentage of total solids in the portion of Test Preparation taken by the formula:
921, except to use an accurately weighed amount of Corn Syrup Solids (WU ) for the Test Preparation; under Standardization of the Reagent* to proceed as directed, except to use the formula for significant amounts of water (1% or more); and under the Procedure to calculate the water content in the Test Preparation as WW = SF. Calculate the percentage of total solids in the portion of Test Preparation taken by the formula:
100(WU – WW) / WU
in which WU is the weight, in mg, of the Corn Syrup Solids obtained for the Test Preparation, and WW is the weight, in mg, of water determined: the total solids is not less than 90.0% when the reducing sugar content is 88.0% or greater, and not less than 93.0% when the reducing sugar content is between 20.0% and 88.0%.
Limit of sulfur dioxide—
Transfer about 78 g of Corn Syrup Solids, accurately weighed, to a 250-mL conical flask, dilute with 122 mL of water, and mix to dissolve. Cool to between 5 and 10. While stirring with a magnetic stirrer, add 10 mL of cold 1.5 N sodium hydroxide (between 5 and 10 ). Stir for an additional 20 seconds, and add 10 mL of starch indicator solution, prepared as follows. Mix 10 g of soluble starch with 50 mL of cold water, transfer to 1000 mL of boiling water, stir until completely dissolved, cool, and add 1 g of salicylic acid preservative. [note—Discard this solution after 1 month. ] Add 10 mL of cold 2.0 N sulfuric acid (between 5 and 10), and titrate immediately with 0.005 N iodine VS until a light blue color persists for 1 minute (see Titrimetry 541). Perform a blank determination, using 200 mL of water treated similarly to the solution under test, and make any necessary correction. Each mL of 0.005 N iodine is equivalent to 0.16 mg of SO2: not more than 40 µg per g is found.
and 10. While stirring with a magnetic stirrer, add 10 mL of cold 1.5 N sodium hydroxide (between 5 and 10 ). Stir for an additional 20 seconds, and add 10 mL of starch indicator solution, prepared as follows. Mix 10 g of soluble starch with 50 mL of cold water, transfer to 1000 mL of boiling water, stir until completely dissolved, cool, and add 1 g of salicylic acid preservative. [note—Discard this solution after 1 month. ] Add 10 mL of cold 2.0 N sulfuric acid (between 5 and 10), and titrate immediately with 0.005 N iodine VS until a light blue color persists for 1 minute (see Titrimetry 541). Perform a blank determination, using 200 mL of water treated similarly to the solution under test, and make any necessary correction. Each mL of 0.005 N iodine is equivalent to 0.16 mg of SO2: not more than 40 µg per g is found.
Limit of lead—
[note—For the preparation of all aqueous solutions and for the rinsing of glassware before use, employ water that has been passed through a strong-acid, strong-base, mixed-bed ion-exchange resin before use. For digestion, use acid-cleaned, high-density polyethylene, polypropylene, polytef or quartz tubes. Select all reagents to have as low a content of lead as practicable, and store all reagent solutions in borosilicate glass containers. Cleanse glassware before use by soaking in warm 8 N nitric acid for 30 minutes and rinsing with deionized water. Store final diluted solutions in acid-cleaned plastic or polytef tubes or bottles. ]
Modifier solution—
Prepare a solution of magnesium nitrate in water containing about 200 mg per mL. Just before use, transfer 1.0 mL of this solution to a 10-mL volumetric flask, dilute with 5% nitric acid to volume, and mix.
Standard solutions—
Transfer 10.0 mL of Lead Nitrate Stock Solution, prepared as directed under Heavy Metals 231, to a 100-mL volumetric flask, add 40 mL of water and 5 mL of nitric acid, dilute with water to volume, and mix. Transfer 1.0 mL of this solution to a second 100-mL volumetric flask, dilute with 5% nitric acid to volume, and mix. This solution contains 0.1 µg of lead per mL. Transfer portions of this solution to four suitable containers, and dilute quantitatively, and stepwise if necessary, with 5% nitric acid to obtain Standard solutions having lead concentrations of 100 ng per mL, 50 ng per mL, 25 ng per mL, and 10 ng per mL, respectively.
231, to a 100-mL volumetric flask, add 40 mL of water and 5 mL of nitric acid, dilute with water to volume, and mix. Transfer 1.0 mL of this solution to a second 100-mL volumetric flask, dilute with 5% nitric acid to volume, and mix. This solution contains 0.1 µg of lead per mL. Transfer portions of this solution to four suitable containers, and dilute quantitatively, and stepwise if necessary, with 5% nitric acid to obtain Standard solutions having lead concentrations of 100 ng per mL, 50 ng per mL, 25 ng per mL, and 10 ng per mL, respectively.
Test solution—
[note—Perform this procedure in a fume hood. ] Transfer about 1.2 g of Corn Syrup Solids, accurately weighed, to two digestion tubes labeled Test Solution and Temperature Monitor Solution, and add 0.75 mL of nitric acid to each tube. Warm both solutions slowly to between 90 and 95 to avoid spattering. Heat until all brown vapors have dissipated and any rust-colored tint is gone from the tube labeled Test Solution (20 to 30 minutes). Cool, add 0.5 mL of 50% hydrogen peroxide dropwise to both solutions, heat to between 90 and 95 for 5 minutes, and cool. Add a second 0.5-mL portion of 50% hydrogen peroxide dropwise to each solution, and heat to between 90 and 100 until clear (5 to 10 minutes). Cool and transfer the solution labeled Test Solution to a 10-mL volumetric flask. Rinse the Test solution digestion tube with 5% nitric acid, add the rinse to the volumetric flask, dilute with 5% nitric acid to volume, and mix.
and 95 to avoid spattering. Heat until all brown vapors have dissipated and any rust-colored tint is gone from the tube labeled Test Solution (20 to 30 minutes). Cool, add 0.5 mL of 50% hydrogen peroxide dropwise to both solutions, heat to between 90 and 95 for 5 minutes, and cool. Add a second 0.5-mL portion of 50% hydrogen peroxide dropwise to each solution, and heat to between 90 and 100 until clear (5 to 10 minutes). Cool and transfer the solution labeled Test Solution to a 10-mL volumetric flask. Rinse the Test solution digestion tube with 5% nitric acid, add the rinse to the volumetric flask, dilute with 5% nitric acid to volume, and mix.
Standard blank—
Use 5% nitric acid.
Test blank—
Transfer 1.5 g of water to a digestion tube, and proceed as directed for the Test solution, beginning with “add 0.75 mL of nitric acid”.
Procedure—
[note—Use peak area measurements for all quantitations. ] Add 5 µL of the Modifier solution to 20 µL each of the Standard solutions, the Test solution, the Standard blank, and the Test blank, and mix. Separately inject equal volumes (about 20 µL) of the Standard solutions, the Test solution, the Standard blank, and the Test blank into a suitable graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer equipped with pyrolytically coated graphite tubes and adequate means of background correction. The temperature is programmed as follows. Maintain the drying temperature of the furnace at 200 for 30 seconds after a 20-second ramp time using an argon gas flow of about 300 mL per minute; maintain the ashing temperature at 750 for 40 seconds after a 40-second ramp time using an airflow of about 300 mL per minute; cool down and purge the air from the furnace for 60 seconds using a 20 set temperature and an argon gas flow of about 300 mL per minute; and maintain the atomization temperature at 1800 for 10 seconds after a 0-second ramp time with the argon gas flow stopped. [note—The temperature program may be modified to obtain optimum furnace temperatures. ] Using the Standard blank to set the instrument to zero, determine the integrated absorbances of the Standard solutions at the lead emission line at 283.3 nm. Plot the integrated absorbances of the Standard solutions versus their contents of lead, in ng per mL, and draw the line best fitting the four points to determine the calibration curve. Similarly determine the integrated absorbances of the Test solution and the Test blank at the lead emission line at 283.3 nm. Correct the absorbance value of the Test solution by subtracting from it the absorbance value obtained from the Test blank. Calculate the concentration, in µg per g, of lead in the portion of Corn Syrup Solids taken by the formula:
for 30 seconds after a 20-second ramp time using an argon gas flow of about 300 mL per minute; maintain the ashing temperature at 750 for 40 seconds after a 40-second ramp time using an airflow of about 300 mL per minute; cool down and purge the air from the furnace for 60 seconds using a 20 set temperature and an argon gas flow of about 300 mL per minute; and maintain the atomization temperature at 1800 for 10 seconds after a 0-second ramp time with the argon gas flow stopped. [note—The temperature program may be modified to obtain optimum furnace temperatures. ] Using the Standard blank to set the instrument to zero, determine the integrated absorbances of the Standard solutions at the lead emission line at 283.3 nm. Plot the integrated absorbances of the Standard solutions versus their contents of lead, in ng per mL, and draw the line best fitting the four points to determine the calibration curve. Similarly determine the integrated absorbances of the Test solution and the Test blank at the lead emission line at 283.3 nm. Correct the absorbance value of the Test solution by subtracting from it the absorbance value obtained from the Test blank. Calculate the concentration, in µg per g, of lead in the portion of Corn Syrup Solids taken by the formula:
0.01(C / W)
in which C is the concentration, in ng per mL, of lead in the Test solution, as determined from the calibration curve; and W is the weight, in g, of Corn Syrup Solids taken to prepare the Test solution: the limit is 0.5 µg per g.
Assay for reducing sugars (dextrose equivalent)—
Apparatus—
Mount a ring support on a ring stand 1 to 2 inches above a gas burner, and mount a second ring 6 to 7 inches above the first. Place 6-inch open-wire gauze on the lower ring to support a 250-mL conical flask, and place a 4-inch watch glass with a center hole on the upper ring to deflect heat. Attach a 25-mL buret to the ring stand so that the tip just passes through the watch glass centered above the flask. Place an indirectly lighted white surface behind the assembly for observing the endpoint.
Standard preparation—
Dissolve an accurately weighed quantity of USP Dextrose RS in water, and dilute quantitatively with water to obtain a solution having a known concentration of about 6 mg per mL.
Assay preparation—
Transfer about 4 g of Corn Syrup Solids, accurately weighed, to a 500-mL volumetric flask, dilute with water to volume, and mix.
Procedure—
Transfer 25.0 mL portions of alkaline cupric tartrate TS to each of two flasks, and boil. Immediately place one flask on the wire gauze of the Apparatus, and adjust the burner so that the boiling point will be reached in about 2 minutes. Titrate with the Standard preparation to within 0.5 mL of the anticipated endpoint. Heat the flask, with swirling, boil moderately for 2 minutes, and add 2 drops of methylene blue solution (1 in 100). Immediately add about 2 drops of the Standard preparation from the buret, and bring to a boil. Allow the cuprous oxide to settle slightly, and observe the color of the supernatant. Complete the titration within 1 minute by adding the Standard preparation dropwise, and boiling after each addition to the disappearance of the blue color, as determined by viewing against a white background in daylight or under equivalent illumination. If more than 0.5 mL of the titrant is required after the addition of the indicator, repeat the titration, adding the necessary volume of titrant before adding the indicator. Bring the contents of the second flask to a boil, and similarly titrate with the Assay preparation. Calculate the percentage of reducing sugars as d-glucose, calculated on the dried basis, in the portion of Corn Syrup Solids taken by the formula:
(100/0.01A)(CS / CU)(VS / VU)
in which A is the percentage of dry solids in the Corn Syrup Solids as determined in the test for Total solids; CS is the concentration, in mg per mL, of USP Dextrose RS in the Standard preparation; CU is the concentration, in mg per mL, of Corn Syrup Solids taken to prepare the Assay preparation; and VS and VU are the titrated volumes, in mL, of the Standard preparation and the Assay preparation, respectively.
*
Pure methanol can make the detector overly sensitive, particularly at low ppm levels of water, causing it to deflect to dryness and slowly recover with each addition of reagent. This slows down the titration and may allow the system to actually pick up ambient moisture during the resulting long titration. Adding chloroform or a similar nonconducting solvent will retard this sensitivity and can improve the analysis.
Auxiliary Information—
Please check for your question in the FAQs before contacting USP.
| Topic/Question | Contact | Expert Committee |
|---|---|---|
| Monograph | Robert H. Lafaver, M.S.
Scientific Liaison 1-301-816-8335 |
(EXC2010) Monographs - Excipients |
| Reference Standards | RS Technical Services 1-301-816-8129 rstech@usp.org |
|
| 61 |
Radhakrishna S Tirumalai, Ph.D.
Principal Scientific Liaison 1-301-816-8339 |
(GCM2010) General Chapters - Microbiology |
| 62 |
Radhakrishna S Tirumalai, Ph.D.
Principal Scientific Liaison 1-301-816-8339 |
(GCM2010) General Chapters - Microbiology |
USP35–NF30 Page 1770
Pharmacopeial Forum: Volume No. 28(6) Page 1894