*** CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION ***
RTECS NUMBER : QX1350000
CHEMICAL NAME : Nitrogen oxide
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER : 10024-97-2
LAST UPDATED : 199712
DATA ITEMS CITED : 41
MOLECULAR FORMULA : N2-O
MOLECULAR WEIGHT : 44.02
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION : N2 O
COMPOUND DESCRIPTOR : Tumorigen
Mutagen
Reproductive Effector
Human
SYNONYMS/TRADE NAMES :
* Dinitrogen monoxide
* Factitious air
* Hyponitrous acid anhydride
* Laughing gas
* Nitrous oxide
*** HEALTH HAZARD DATA ***
** ACUTE TOXICITY DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human
DOSE/DURATION : 24 mg/kg/2H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - general anesthetic
Cardiac - pulse rate
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature decrease
REFERENCE :
BJANAD British Journal of Anesthesia. (Macmillan Press Ltd., Houndmills,
Basingstoke, Hants. RG21 2XS, UK) V.1- 1923- Volume(issue)/page/year:
35,631,1963
** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 50 ppm/6H/13W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - changes in liver weight
Blood - changes in leukocyte (WBC) count
REFERENCE :
TIHEEC Toxicology and Industrial Health. (Princeton Scientific Pub. Co.,
POB 2155, Princeton, NJ 08540) V.1- 1985- Volume(issue)/page/year:
6,57,1990
** REPRODUCTIVE DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 5 pph/4H
SEX/DURATION : female 6-15 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral
REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 31,6B,1985
TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 20 pph/8H
SEX/DURATION : male 28 day(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, sperm duct
REFERENCE :
ANESAV Anesthesiology. (Lippincott/Harper, Journal Fulfillment Dept., 2350
Virginia Ave., Hagerstown, MD 21740) V.1- 1940- Volume(issue)/page/year:
44,104,1976
TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 50 pph/24H
SEX/DURATION : female 8-11 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - cardiovascular
(circulatory) system
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - urogenital system
REFERENCE :
NATUAS Nature. (Nature Subscription Dept., POB 1018, Manasguan, NJ 08736)
V.1- 1869- Volume(issue)/page/year: 214,146,1967
TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 50 ppm/6H
SEX/DURATION : male 30 day(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - live birth index (measured after birth)
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight
gain)
REFERENCE :
ANASAB Anaesthesia. (Academic Press Inc. Ltd., 24-28 Oval Rd., London NW1
7DX, UK) V.1- 1946- Volume(issue)/page/year: 38,319,1983
TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 1 pph/8H
SEX/DURATION : female 1-21 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - extra-embryonic structures
(e.g., placenta, umbilical cord)
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death
REFERENCE :
ANESAV Anesthesiology. (Lippincott/Harper, Journal Fulfillment Dept., 2350
Virginia Ave., Hagerstown, MD 21740) V.1- 1940- Volume(issue)/page/year:
48,11,1978
TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 50 pph/4H
SEX/DURATION : female 14 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - biochemical and metabolic
REFERENCE :
DPTHDL Developmental Pharmacology and Therapeutics. (S. Karger Pub., Inc.,
79 Fifth Ave., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1980- Volume(issue)/page/year:
8,43,1985
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 3 gm/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 8 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or
resorbed implants per total number of implants)
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - other effects to embryo
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 43,151,1991
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 3 gm/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 8 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - cardiovascular
(circulatory) system
REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 43,151,1991
TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 75 pph/6H
SEX/DURATION : female 14 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - cytological changes (including
somatic cell genetic material)
REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 32,26A,1985
TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 5000 ppm/4H
SEX/DURATION : female 14 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral
REFERENCE :
NTOTDY Neurobehavioral Toxicology and Teratology. (Fayetteville, NY) V.3-8,
1981-86. For publisher information, see NETEEC. Volume(issue)/page/year:
8,189,1986
TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - hamster
DOSE : 90 pph/24H
SEX/DURATION : female 10 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or
resorbed implants per total number of implants)
REFERENCE :
CJPPA3 Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. (National Research
Council of Canada, Publication Sales and Distribution, Ottawa ON K1A OR6,
Canada) V.42- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 57,1229,1979
TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - hamster
DOSE : 95 pph/24H
SEX/DURATION : female 7 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death,
e.g., stunted fetus)
REFERENCE :
CJPPA3 Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. (National Research
Council of Canada, Publication Sales and Distribution, Ottawa ON K1A OR6,
Canada) V.42- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 57,1229,1979
** MUTATION DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
TEST SYSTEM : Insect - Drosophila melanogaster
DOSE/DURATION : 99 pph/6M (Continuous)
REFERENCE :
ENVRAL Environmental Research. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St.,
Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,286,1974
TYPE OF TEST : DNA inhibition
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
TEST SYSTEM : Human
DOSE/DURATION : 50 pph/24H
REFERENCE :
LANCAO Lancet. (7 Adam St., London WC2N 6AD, UK) V.1- 1823-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,339,1978
TYPE OF TEST : DNA inhibition
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 75000 ppm/24H
REFERENCE :
AACRAT Anesthesia and Analgesia (New York). (Elsevier Science Pub. Co.,
Inc., 52 Vanderbilt Ave., New York, NY 10017) V.36- 1957-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 62,738,1983
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation test systems - not otherwise specified
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 50 pph/24H
REFERENCE :
TCMUD8 Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Mutagenesis. (Alan R. Liss, Inc.,
41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1980- Volume(issue)/page/year:
8,107,1988
*** REVIEWS ***
ACGIH TLV-Not classifiable as a human carcinogen
DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices
(BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year:
TLV/BEI,1997
ACGIH TLV-TWA 90 mg/m3 (50 ppm)
DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices
(BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year:
TLV/BEI,1997
IARC Cancer Review:Animal Inadequate Evidence
IMSUDL IARC Monographs, Supplement. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49
Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) No.1- 1979- Volume(issue)/page/year:
7,93,1987
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
CLPTAT Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (St. Louis). (C.V. Mosby Co.,
11830 Westline Industrial Dr., St. Louis, MO 63146) V.1- 1960-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 8,91,1967
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
AACRAT Anesthesia and Analgesia (New York). (Elsevier Science Pub. Co.,
Inc., 52 Vanderbilt Ave., New York, NY 10017) V.36- 1957-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 57,328,1978
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
XPHBAO U.S. Public Health Service, Public Health Bulletin. (Washington, DC)
Volume(issue)/page/year: 272,1,1941
*** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS ***
MSHA STANDARD:ASPHYXIANTS/GASES
DTLWS* "Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values for Substances in
Workroom Air," Supplements. For publisher information, see 85INA8.
Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,25,1973
OSHA PEL (Construc): simple asphyxiant-inert gases and vapors
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year:
29,1926.55,1994
OSHA PEL (Shipyard):Simple asphyxiant - inert gas and vapor
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year:
29,1915.1000,1993
*** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS ***
OEL-DENMARK:TWA 100 ppm (180 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 100 ppm (180 mg/m3);STEL 500 ppm (900 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV
OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV
*** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA ***
NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) :
NIOSH REL TO NITROUS OXIDE-air:TWA 25 ppm for duration of exposure
REFERENCE :
NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of
Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda.
Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992
NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA :
NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974)
NOHS Hazard Code - 51118
No. of Facilities: 5599 (estimated)
No. of Industries: 45
No. of Occupations: 36
No. of Employees: 113333 (estimated)
NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983)
NOES Hazard Code - 51118
No. of Facilities: 5145 (estimated)
No. of Industries: 25
No. of Occupations: 34
No. of Employees: 112585 (estimated)
No. of Female Employees: 74465 (estimated)
*** STATUS IN U.S. ***
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: V79 cell culture-gene mutation
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: Sperm morphology-mouse
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: Carcinogenicity-mouse/rat
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JUNE 1998
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Nitrous oxide, 6600
*** END OF RECORD ***