*** CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION ***
RTECS NUMBER : OS0700000
CHEMICAL NAME : Melamine
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER : 108-78-1
BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. : 0124341
REFERENCE : 4-26-00-01253 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
LAST UPDATED : 199710
DATA ITEMS CITED : 30
MOLECULAR FORMULA : C3-H6-N6
MOLECULAR WEIGHT : 126.15
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION : T6N CN ENJ BZ DZ FZ
COMPOUND DESCRIPTOR : Tumorigen
Mutagen
Reproductive Effector
Primary Irritant
SYNONYMS/TRADE NAMES :
* Aero
* Cyanuramide
* Cyanuric triamide
* Cyanurotriamide
* Cyanurotriamine
* DG 002 (amine)
* Hicophor PR
* Isomelamine
* NCI-C50715
* Pluragard
* Pluragard C 133
* Teoharn
* Theoharn
* 2,4,6-Triamino-s-triazine
* 2,4,6-Triamino-1,3,5-triazine
* 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine
* s-Triazine, 2,4,6-triamino-
* Virset 656-4
*** HEALTH HAZARD DATA ***
** SKIN/EYE IRRITATION DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : Standard Draize test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration into the eye
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 500 mg/24H
REACTION SEVERITY : Mild
REFERENCE :
28ZPAK "Sbornik Vysledku Toxixologickeho Vysetreni Latek A Pripravku,"
Marhold, J.V., Institut Pro Vychovu Vedoucicn Pracovniku Chemickeho Prumyclu
Praha, Czechoslovakia, 1972 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,153,1972
** ACUTE TOXICITY DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 3161 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year:
72,292,1984
TYPE OF TEST : LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 3248 mg/m3
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O
Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 58(2),14,1993
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 3200 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - lacrimation
Behavioral - tremor
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - cyanosis
REFERENCE :
38MKAJ "Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology," 3rd rev. ed., Clayton,
G.D., and F.E. Clayton, eds., New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1978-82.
Vol. 3 originally pub. in 1979; pub. as 2nd rev. ed. in 1985.
Volume(issue)/page/year: 2A,2769,1981
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 6 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O
Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 58(2),14,1993
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 3296 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year:
72,292,1984
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 800 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - lacrimation
Behavioral - tremor
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - cyanosis
REFERENCE :
38MKAJ "Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology," 3rd rev. ed., Clayton,
G.D., and F.E. Clayton, eds., New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1978-82.
Vol. 3 originally pub. in 1979; pub. as 2nd rev. ed. in 1985.
Volume(issue)/page/year: 2A,2769,1981
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 1 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O
Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 58(2),14,1993
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : >1 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
ATDAEI Acute Toxicity Data. Journal of the American College of Toxicology,
Part B. (Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., 1651 Third Ave., New York, NY 10128) V.1-
1990- Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,110,1990
** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 32760 mg/kg/13W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes
Related to Chronic Data - death
REFERENCE :
NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research
Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206- Volume(issue)/page/year: NTP-TR-245,1983
TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 58 ug/m3/17W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - other changes
Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)
Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue
levels - transaminases
REFERENCE :
GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O
Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 58(2),14,1993
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 93600 mg/kg/13W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes
REFERENCE :
NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research
Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206- Volume(issue)/page/year: NTP-TR-245,1983
** TUMORIGENIC DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 195 gm/kg/2Y-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - tumors
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year:
72,292,1984
TYPE OF TEST : TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 197 gm/kg/2Y-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - tumors
REFERENCE :
NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research
Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206- Volume(issue)/page/year: NTP-TR-245,1983
TYPE OF TEST : TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 162 gm/kg/2Y-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - tumors
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year:
72,292,1984
** REPRODUCTIVE DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 500 ug/m3
SEX/DURATION : male 17 week(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material,
sperm morphology, motility, and count)
Reproductive - Fertility - pre-implantation mortality (e.g. reduction in
number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea)
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death
REFERENCE :
GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O
Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 58(2),14,1993
** MUTATION DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : Phage inhibition capacity
TEST SYSTEM : Bacteria - Escherichia coli
DOSE/DURATION : 78 ug/well
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 260,349,1991
TYPE OF TEST : Micronucleus test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 1 gm/kg
REFERENCE :
ENMUDM Environmental Mutagenesis. (New York, NY) V.1-9, 1979-87. For
publisher information, see EMMUEG. Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,342,1982
*** REVIEWS ***
IARC Cancer Review:Animal Inadequate Evidence
IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals
to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210)
V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 39,333,1986
IARC Cancer Review:Human No Adequate Data
IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals
to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210)
V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 39,333,1986
IARC Cancer Review:Group 3
IMSUDL IARC Monographs, Supplement. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49
Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) No.1- 1979- Volume(issue)/page/year:
7,56,1987
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
ECIET* European Chemical Industry Ecology and Toxicology Centre. Joint
Assessment of Commodity Chemicals. (Avenue Louise 250, B-63, B-1050
Brussels, Belgium) Volume(issue)/page/year: (1),-,1983
*** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA ***
NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA :
NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974)
NOHS Hazard Code - 81887
No. of Facilities: 1043 (estimated)
No. of Industries: 32
No. of Occupations: 49
No. of Employees: 31892 (estimated)
NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983)
NOES Hazard Code - 81887
No. of Facilities: 2132 (estimated)
No. of Industries: 27
No. of Occupations: 44
No. of Employees: 43104 (estimated)
No. of Female Employees: 6239 (estimated)
*** STATUS IN U.S. ***
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: D melanogaster Sex-linked lethal
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JUNE 1998
NTP Carcinogenesis Bioassay (feed);clear evidence:rat
NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research
Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206- Volume(issue)/page/year: NTP-TR-245,83
NTP Carcinogenesis Bioassay (feed);no evidence:mouse
NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research
Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206- Volume(issue)/page/year: NTP-TR-245,83
*** END OF RECORD ***