*** CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION ***
RTECS NUMBER : OF9450000
CHEMICAL NAME : Lead chloride
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER : 7758-95-4
LAST UPDATED : 199712
DATA ITEMS CITED : 50
MOLECULAR FORMULA : Cl2-Pb
MOLECULAR WEIGHT : 278.09
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION : PB G2
COMPOUND DESCRIPTOR : Tumorigen
Mutagen
Reproductive Effector
SYNONYMS/TRADE NAMES :
* Lead(2+) chloride
* Lead (II) chloride
* Lead dichloride
* Plumbous chloride
*** HEALTH HAZARD DATA ***
** ACUTE TOXICITY DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : >1947 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
EVHPAZ EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives. (U.S. Government Printing
Office, Supt of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) No.1- 1972-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 10,95,1975
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : >1251 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
EVHPAZ EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives. (U.S. Government Printing
Office, Supt of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) No.1- 1972-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 10,95,1975
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION : 1500 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
85KYAH "Merck Index; an Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals",
11th ed., Rahway, NJ 07065, Merck & Co., Inc. 1989 Volume(issue)/page/year:
11,852,1989
** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 70 mg/kg/7D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes
Endocrine - hyperglycemia
Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue
levels - phosphatases
REFERENCE :
TXCYAC Toxicology. (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland, Ltd., POB 85,
Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 1973- Volume(issue)/page/year: 6,265,1976
** REPRODUCTIVE DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 570 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 14 day(s) pre-mating - 21 day(s) post-birth
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral
REFERENCE :
PBBHAU Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior. (ANKHO International Inc.,
P.O. Box 426, Fayetteville, NY 13066) V.1- 1973-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,95,1979
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 201 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 14 day(s) pre-mating - 15 day(s) post-birth
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System
REFERENCE :
JTEHD6 Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. (Hemisphere Pub.,
1025 Vermont Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20005) V.1- 1975/76-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 10,639,1982
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 141 gm/kg
SEX/DURATION : lactating female 1-21 day(s) post-birth
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral
REFERENCE :
NETEEC Neurotoxicology and Teratology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House,
Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.9- 1987- Volume(issue)/page/year:
9,51,1987
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 200 ppm
SEX/DURATION : female 7-22 day(s) after conception
lactating female 15 week(s) post-birth
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - live birth index (measured after birth)
REFERENCE :
JTEHD6 Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. (Hemisphere Pub.,
1025 Vermont Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20005) V.1- 1975/76-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 24,461,1988
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 40 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 4 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - pre-implantation mortality (e.g. reduction in
number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea)
REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 16,273,1977
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 20 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : multigenerations
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or
resorbed implants per total number of implants)
Reproductive - Fertility - litter size (e.g. # fetuses per litter; measured
before birth)
Reproductive - Fertility - other measures of fertility
REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 32,375,1985
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 20 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 8 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - cytological changes (including
somatic cell genetic material)
REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 34,207,1986
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Primate - monkey
DOSE : 128 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 34 day(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Maternal Effects - menstrual cycle changes or disorders
REFERENCE :
FESTAS Fertility and Sterility. (American Fertility Soc., 608 13th Ave. S,
Birmingham, AL 35282) V.1- 1950- Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,223,1960
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - hamster
DOSE : 50 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 8 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - eye/ear
REFERENCE :
EXMPA6 Experimental and Molecular Pathology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1962- Volume(issue)/page/year:
7,208,1967
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - hamster
DOSE : 25 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 8 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or
resorbed implants per total number of implants)
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
REFERENCE :
ANREAK Anatomical Record. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY
10003) V.1- 1906/08- Volume(issue)/page/year: 157,358,1967
** MUTATION DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation in microorganisms
TEST SYSTEM : Bacteria - Salmonella typhimurium
DOSE/DURATION : 1 mg/L
REFERENCE :
BECTA6 Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology.
(Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ
07094) V.1- 1966- Volume(issue)/page/year: 40,597,1988
TYPE OF TEST : DNA damage
TEST SYSTEM : Microorganism - not otherwise specified
DOSE/DURATION : 100 umol/L
REFERENCE :
SCIEAS Science. (American Assoc. for the Advancement of Science, 1333 H
St., NW, Washington, DC 20005) V.1- 1895- Volume(issue)/page/year:
198,513,1977
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation in microorganisms
TEST SYSTEM : Yeast - Saccharomyces cerevisiae
DOSE/DURATION : 1 mmol/L
REFERENCE :
CPBTAL Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin. (Japan Pub. Trading Co., USA,
1255 Howard St., San Francisco, CA 94103) V.6- 1958-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 33,1571,1985
TYPE OF TEST : DNA inhibition
TEST SYSTEM : Human HeLa cell
DOSE/DURATION : 250 umol/L
REFERENCE :
TXCYAC Toxicology. (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland, Ltd., POB 85,
Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 1973- Volume(issue)/page/year: 5,167,1975
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation test systems - not otherwise specified
TEST SYSTEM : Human HeLa cell
DOSE/DURATION : 250 umol/L
REFERENCE :
TXCYAC Toxicology. (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland, Ltd., POB 85,
Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 1973- Volume(issue)/page/year: 5,167,1975
TYPE OF TEST : Sister chromatid exchange
TEST SYSTEM : Human Lymphocyte
DOSE/DURATION : 100 ng/cm3
REFERENCE :
BCTKAG Bromatologia i Chemia Toksykologiczna. (Ars Polona, POB 1001, 00-068
Warsaw 1, Poland) V.4- 1971- Volume(issue)/page/year: 19,255,1986
TYPE OF TEST : DNA inhibition
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse Fibroblast
DOSE/DURATION : 20 umol/L
REFERENCE :
ZHPMAT Zentralblatt fuer Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde,
Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene, Abteilung 1: Originale, Reihe B: Hygiene,
Krankenhaushygiene, Betriebshygiene, Praeventive Medizin. (Stuttgart, Fed.
Rep. Ger.) V.155-169, 1971-1979. For publisher information, see ZAOMDC.
Volume(issue)/page/year: 161,26,1975
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation in mammalian somatic cells
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - hamster Ovary
DOSE/DURATION : 100 mnol/L
REFERENCE :
EMMUEG Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E.
11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.10- 1987- Volume(issue)/page/year:
27,30,1996
TYPE OF TEST : DNA damage
TEST SYSTEM : Mammal - species unspecified Lymphocyte
DOSE/DURATION : 100 umol/L
REFERENCE :
SCIEAS Science. (American Assoc. for the Advancement of Science, 1333 H
St., NW, Washington, DC 20005) V.1- 1895- Volume(issue)/page/year:
198,513,1977
*** REVIEWS ***
ACGIH TLV-TWA 0.05 mg(Pb)/m3; animal carcinogen
DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices
(BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year:
TLV/BEI,1997
IARC Cancer Review:Animal Inadequate Evidence
IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals
to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210)
V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 23,325,1980
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
85DHAX "Medical and Biologic Effects of Environmental Pollutants Series,"
Washington, DC, National Academy of Sciences, 1972-77
Volume(issue)/page/year: Pb,259,1972
*** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS ***
OEL-ARAB Republic of Egypt:TWA 0.05 mg(Pb)/m3 JAN 1993
OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 0.15 mg(Pb)/m3 JAN 1993
OEL-AUSTRIA:TWA 0.1 mg(Pb)/m3 JAN 1993
OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 0.15 mg(Pb)/m3 JAN 1993
OEL-DENMARK:TWA 0.1 mg(Pb)/m3 JAN 1993
OEL-FINLAND:TWA 0.1 mg(Pb)/m3 JAN 1993
OEL-FRANCE:TWA 0.15 mg(Pb)/m3 JAN 1993
OEL-GERMANY:TWA 0.1 mg(Pb)/m3 JAN 1993
OEL-HUNGARY:STEL 0.04 mg(Pb)/m3;Carcinogen JAN 1993
OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 0.15 mg(Pb)/m3 JAN 1993
OEL-RUSSIA:STEL 0.005 ppm (0.01 mg(Pb)/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 0.05 mg(Pb)/m3 (resp. dust) JAN 1993
OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 0.1 mg(Pb)/m3 (total dust) JAN 1993
OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 0.1 mg(Pb)/m3 JAN 1993
OEL-THAILAND:TWA 0.2 mg(Pb)/m3 JAN 1993
OEL-TURKEY:TWA 0.2 mg(Pb)/m3 JAN 1993
OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 0.15 mg(Pb)/m3 JAN 1993
OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV
OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV
*** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA ***
NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) :
NIOSH REL TO LEAD, INORGANIC-air:10H TWA <0.1 mg(Pb)/m3
REFERENCE :
NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of
Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda.
Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992
NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA :
NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974)
NOHS Hazard Code - 84439
No. of Facilities: 40 (estimated)
No. of Industries: 3
No. of Occupations: 3
No. of Employees: 478 (estimated)
NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983)
NOES Hazard Code - 84439
No. of Facilities: 214 (estimated)
No. of Industries: 6
No. of Occupations: 8
No. of Employees: 4188 (estimated)
No. of Female Employees: 961 (estimated)
*** STATUS IN U.S. ***
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: B subtilis rec assay
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
*** END OF RECORD ***