*** CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION ***
RTECS NUMBER : MN9275000
CHEMICAL NAME : Hexane
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER : 110-54-3
LAST UPDATED : 199712
DATA ITEMS CITED : 61
MOLECULAR FORMULA : C6-H14
MOLECULAR WEIGHT : 86.20
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION : 6H
COMPOUND DESCRIPTOR : Tumorigen
Mutagen
Reproductive Effector
Human
Primary Irritant
SYNONYMS/TRADE NAMES :
* Esani
* Gettysolve-B
* Heksan
* n-Hexane
* Hexanen
* Hexyl hydride
* NCI-C60571
*** HEALTH HAZARD DATA ***
** SKIN/EYE IRRITATION DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : Standard Draize test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration into the eye
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 10 mg
REACTION SEVERITY : Mild
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year:
55,501,1980
** ACUTE TOXICITY DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human
DOSE/DURATION : 190 ppm/8W
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - structural change in nerve or sheath
REFERENCE :
AJIMD8 American Journal of Industrial Medicine. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E.
11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1980- Volume(issue)/page/year:
10,111,1986
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 28710 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year:
19,699,1971
TYPE OF TEST : LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 48000 ppm/4H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
ARPTDI Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology. (Annual Reviews, Inc.,
POB 10139, Palo Alto, CA 94303) V.16- 1976- Volume(issue)/page/year:
22,145,1982
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 9100 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year:
1,156,1959
TYPE OF TEST : LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 120 gm/m3
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - general anesthetic
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression
Cardiac - other changes
REFERENCE :
AEPPAE Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und
Pharmakologie. (Berlin, Ger.) V.110-253, 1925-66. For publisher
information, see NSAPCC. Volume(issue)/page/year: 143,223,1929
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 831 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex)
REFERENCE :
APTOA6 Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica. (Copenhagen, Denmark) V.1-59,
1945-86. For publisher information, see PHTOEH Volume(issue)/page/year:
37,56,1975
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 132 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
HAEMAX Haematologica. (Il Pensiero Scientifico Editore, Via Panama 48,
I-00198, Rome, Italy) V.1- 1920- Volume(issue)/page/year: 58,491,1973
** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 2000 ppm/12H/24W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Spinal Cord - other degenerative changes
Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - recording from peripheral motor nerve
Biochemical - Metabolism (Intermediary) - other proteins
REFERENCE :
HETOEA Human & Experimental Toxicology. (Macmillan Press Ltd., Brunel Road,
Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, RG21 2XS, UK) V.9- 1990-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,323,1992
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 40 gm/kg/4W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
REFERENCE :
TIHEEC Toxicology and Industrial Health. (Princeton Scientific Pub. Co.,
POB 2155, Princeton, NJ 08540) V.1- 1985- Volume(issue)/page/year:
1(3),67,1985
TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 1000 ppm/24H/11W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Brain and Coverings - recordings from specific areas of CNS
Behavioral - muscle weakness
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
REFERENCE :
NTOTDY Neurobehavioral Toxicology and Teratology. (Fayetteville, NY) V.3-8,
1981-86. For publisher information, see NETEEC. Volume(issue)/page/year:
5,69,1983
TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 1 pph/6H/13W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Brain and Coverings - changes in brain weight
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
REFERENCE :
FAATDF Fundamental and Applied Toxicology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1981- Volume(issue)/page/year:
4,191,1984
TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 476 ppm/6H/4W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes
Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue
levels - phosphatases
Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue
levels - dehydrogenases
REFERENCE :
TOLED5 Toxicology Letters. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1977- Volume(issue)/page/year: 12,13,1982
TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 3000 ppm/6H/2Y-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
REFERENCE :
TOXID9 Toxicologist. (Soc. of Toxicology, Inc., 475 Wolf Ledge Parkway,
Akron, OH 44311) V.1- 1981- Volume(issue)/page/year: 14,317,1994
TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 500 ppm/24H/9W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - spastic paralysis with or without sensory
change
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
REFERENCE :
JNSCAG Journal of the Neurological Sciences. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V.,
POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) No.1- 1964-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 57,209,1982
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 18900 mg/kg/35D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - recording from afferent nerve
Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - recording from peripheral motor nerve
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
REFERENCE :
JTEHD6 Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. (Hemisphere Pub.,
1025 Vermont Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20005) V.1- 1975/76-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 13,835,1984
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 4788 mg/kg/7D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - other changes
Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)
Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue
levels - multiple enzyme effects
REFERENCE :
TOLED5 Toxicology Letters. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1977- Volume(issue)/page/year: 14,169,1982
TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 1200 ppm/12H/16W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - recording from peripheral motor nerve
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
Biochemical - Metabolism (Intermediary) - other proteins
REFERENCE :
ARTODN Archives of Toxicology. (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberger Pl. 3, D-1000
Berlin 33, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.32- 1974- Volume(issue)/page/year:
63,381,1989
TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 10000 ppm/6H/13W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - effect, not otherwise
specified
Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay)
Blood - changes in other cell count (unspecified)
REFERENCE :
NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research
Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206- Volume(issue)/page/year: NIH-91-3121
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Bird - chicken
DOSE/DURATION : 18 gm/kg/90D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - structural change in nerve or sheath
Behavioral - ataxia
Related to Chronic Data - death
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year:
62,369,1982
** REPRODUCTIVE DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 10000 ppm/7H
SEX/DURATION : female 15 day(s) pre-mating
female 1-18 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral
REFERENCE :
TOXID9 Toxicologist. (Soc. of Toxicology, Inc., 475 Wolf Ledge Parkway,
Akron, OH 44311) V.1- 1981- Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,152,1981
TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 1000 ppm/6H
SEX/DURATION : female 8-16 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight
gain)
REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 19,22A,1979
TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 5000 ppm/20H
SEX/DURATION : female 6-19 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death,
e.g., stunted fetus)
REFERENCE :
NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161)
Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information.
Volume(issue)/page/year: DE88-006812
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 238 gm/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 6-15 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death,
e.g., stunted fetus)
REFERENCE :
DCTODJ Drug and Chemical Toxicology. (Marcel Dekker, 270 Madison Ave., New
York, NY 10016) V.1- 1977/78- Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,393,1980
** MUTATION DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction
TEST SYSTEM : Yeast - Saccharomyces cerevisiae
DOSE/DURATION : 132 mmol/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 341,83,1994
TYPE OF TEST : Cytogenetic analysis
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - hamster Fibroblast
DOSE/DURATION : 500 mg/L
REFERENCE :
FCTOD7 Food and Chemical Toxicology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House,
Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.20- 1982- Volume(issue)/page/year:
22,623,1984
*** REVIEWS ***
ACGIH TLV-TWA 176 mg/m3 (50 ppm)
DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices
(BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year:
TLV/BEI,1997
*** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS ***
MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 500 ppm (1800 mg/m3)
DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices
(BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year:
3,126,1971
OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 500 ppm (1800 mg/m3)
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year:
29,1910.1000,1994
OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 500 ppm (1800 mg/m3)
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year:
29,1926.55,1994
OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 500 ppm (1800 mg/m3)
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year:
29,1915.1000,1993
OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 500 ppm (1800 mg/m3)
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year:
41,50-204.50,1994
*** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS ***
OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 50 ppm (180 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 50 ppm (176 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-DENMARK:TWA 50 ppm (180 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-FINLAND:TWA 50 ppm (180 mg/m3);STEL 150 ppm (530 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-FRANCE:TWA 50 ppm (170 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-GERMANY:TWA 50 ppm (180 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-HUNGARY:TWA 100 mg/m3;STEL 200 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993
OEL-JAPAN:TWA 40 ppm (140 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993
OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 100 ppm (360 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 500 ppm (1800 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-POLAND:TWA 400 mg/m3 JAN 1993
OEL-RUSSIA:TWA 40 ppm;STEL 300 mg/m3 JAN 1993
OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 25 ppm (90 mg/m3);STEL 50 ppm (180 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 50 ppm (180 mg/m3);STEL 100 ppm (360 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-TURKEY:TWA 500 ppm (1800 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 100 ppm (360 mg/m3);STEL 125 ppm JAN 1993
OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV
OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV
*** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA ***
NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) :
NIOSH REL TO HEXANE-air:10H TWA 50 ppm
REFERENCE :
NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of
Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda.
Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992
NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA :
NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974)
NOHS Hazard Code - 36955
No. of Facilities: 72257 (estimated)
No. of Industries: 281
No. of Occupations: 168
No. of Employees: 763261 (estimated)
NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983)
NOES Hazard Code - 36955
No. of Facilities: 40256 (estimated)
No. of Industries: 221
No. of Occupations: 161
No. of Employees: 643101 (estimated)
No. of Female Employees: 138726 (estimated)
*** STATUS IN U.S. ***
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
EPA TSCA Section 8(e) Risk Notification, 8EHQ-1292-8628;8EHQ-0893-8628
On EPA IRIS database
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JUNE 1998
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Hydrocarbons, BP 36-126 degree C, 1500
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1996: Volatile organic compound, 2549
NTP Toxicity studies, RPT# TOX-02, October 1997
*** END OF RECORD ***