*** CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION ***
RTECS NUMBER : JM5690000
CHEMICAL NAME : Dipyrido(1,2-a;2',1'-c)pyrazinediium, 6,7-dihydro-,
dibromide
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER : 85-00-7
LAST UPDATED : 199806
DATA ITEMS CITED : 46
MOLECULAR FORMULA : C12-H12-N2.2Br
MOLECULAR WEIGHT : 344.08
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION : T B666 GK JK&T&J &Q 2 &E 2
COMPOUND DESCRIPTOR : Agricultural Chemical
Mutagen
Reproductive Effector
Primary Irritant
SYNONYMS/TRADE NAMES :
* 1,1'-Aethylen-2,2'-bipyridinium-dibromid
* 9,10-Dihydro-8a,10,-diazoniaphenanthrene dibromide
* 9,10-Dihydro-8a,10a-diazoniaphenanthrene(1,1'-ethylene-2,2'-bipyridylium
)dibromide
* 5,6-Dihydro-dipyrido(1,2a;2,1c)pyrazinium dibromide
* 6,7-Dihydropyrido(1,2-a;2',1'-c)pyrazinedium dibromide
* Diquat dibromide
* 1,1'-Ethylene-2,2'-bipyridylium dibromide
* Ethylene dipyridylium dibromide
* 1,1'-Ethylene-2,2'-dipyridylium dibromide
* Ortho-Diquat
* PP 100
* Preeglone
* Reglon
* Reglone
* Weedtrine-D
*** HEALTH HAZARD DATA ***
** SKIN/EYE IRRITATION DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : Standard Draize test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 400 mg/kg/20D
REACTION SEVERITY : Mild
REFERENCE :
BJIMAG British Journal of Industrial Medicine. (British Medical Journal,
Box 560B, Kennebunkport, ME 04046) V.1- 1944- Volume(issue)/page/year:
27,51,1970
TYPE OF TEST : Standard Draize test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration into the eye
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 10 mg
REACTION SEVERITY : Mild
REFERENCE :
BJIMAG British Journal of Industrial Medicine. (British Medical Journal,
Box 560B, Kennebunkport, ME 04046) V.1- 1944- Volume(issue)/page/year:
27,51,1970
** ACUTE TOXICITY DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 120 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes
REFERENCE :
PRKHDK Problemi na Khigienata. Problems in Hygiene. (Durzhavno
Izdatel'stvo Meditsina i Fizkultura, Pl. Slaveikov 11, Sofia, Bulgaria) V.1-
1975- Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,31,1975
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 433 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
FAATDF Fundamental and Applied Toxicology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1981- Volume(issue)/page/year:
7,299,1986
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 500 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
PAREAQ Pharmacological Reviews. (Williams & Wilkins, 428 E. Preston St.,
Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1949- Volume(issue)/page/year: 14,225,1962
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 20 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
PAREAQ Pharmacological Reviews. (Williams & Wilkins, 428 E. Preston St.,
Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1949- Volume(issue)/page/year: 14,225,1962
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 14 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
REFERENCE :
26UZAB "Pesticides Symposia; Collection of Papers Presented at the Sixth &
Seventh Inter-American Conferences on Toxicology and Occupational Medicine,
Miami, FL," Miami, FL, J.L. Halos, 1968-70 Volume(issue)/page/year:
6,257,1968/1970
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : >500 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
WRPCA2 World Review of Pest Control. (London, UK) V.1-10, 1962-71.
Discontinued. Volume(issue)/page/year: 9,119,1970
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Bird - duck
DOSE/DURATION : 564 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
DOEAAH Down to Earth. (Dow Chemical USA, Agricultural Products Dept.,
Midland, MI 48640) V.1- 1945- Volume(issue)/page/year: 35,25,1979
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - domestic
DOSE/DURATION : 30 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
85GYAV "Pflanzenschutz-und Schaedlingsbekaempfungsmittel: Abriss einer
Toxikologie und Therapie von Vergiftungen," 2nd ed., Klimmer, O.R.,
Hattingen, Fed. Rep. Ger., Hundt-Verlag, 1971 Volume(issue)/page/year:
-,102,1971
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - species unspecified
DOSE/DURATION : 400 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
30ZDA9 "Chemistry of Pesticides," Melnikov, N.N., New York, Springer-Verlag
New York, Inc., 1971 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,409,1971
** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 988 mg/kg/19W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - other changes
Endocrine - hypoglycemia
Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue
levels - isomerases
REFERENCE :
KHZDAN Khigiena i Zdraveopazvane. Hygiene and Sanitation. (Hemus, Blvd.
Russki 6, Sofia, Bulgaria) V.9- 1966- Volume(issue)/page/year:
12,325,1969
** REPRODUCTIVE DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 7 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 7 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
REFERENCE :
26UZAB "Pesticides Symposia; Collection of Papers Presented at the Sixth &
Seventh Inter-American Conferences on Toxicology and Occupational Medicine,
Miami, FL," Miami, FL, J.L. Halos, 1968-70 Volume(issue)/page/year:
6,257,1968/1970
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 15 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 17 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or
resorbed implants per total number of implants)
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year:
33,450,1975
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 10800 ug/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 9-12 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
REFERENCE :
BECTA6 Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology.
(Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ
07094) V.1- 1966- Volume(issue)/page/year: 25,513,1980
** MUTATION DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation in microorganisms
TEST SYSTEM : Bacteria - Salmonella typhimurium
DOSE/DURATION : 100 nmol/plate
REFERENCE :
TOLED5 Toxicology Letters. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1977- Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,169,1979
TYPE OF TEST : DNA repair
TEST SYSTEM : Bacteria - Salmonella typhimurium
DOSE/DURATION : 10 ug/plate
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 68,183,1979
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation in microorganisms
TEST SYSTEM : Bacteria - Escherichia coli
DOSE/DURATION : 2200 nmol/L
REFERENCE :
ENMUDM Environmental Mutagenesis. (New York, NY) V.1-9, 1979-87. For
publisher information, see EMMUEG. Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,11,1981
TYPE OF TEST : Gene conversion and mitotic recombination
TEST SYSTEM : Yeast - Saccharomyces cerevisiae
DOSE/DURATION : 1000 ppm
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 22,111,1974
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation in microorganisms
TEST SYSTEM : Mold - Aspergillus nidulans
DOSE/DURATION : 500 ug/plate
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 68,183,1979
TYPE OF TEST : Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction
TEST SYSTEM : Mold - Aspergillus nidulans
DOSE/DURATION : 10 gm/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 68,183,1979
TYPE OF TEST : Unscheduled DNA synthesis
TEST SYSTEM : Human Cells - not otherwise specified
DOSE/DURATION : 20 mg/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 68,183,1979
TYPE OF TEST : Unscheduled DNA synthesis
TEST SYSTEM : Human Fibroblast
DOSE/DURATION : 1 umol/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 42,161,1977
TYPE OF TEST : DNA inhibition
TEST SYSTEM : Human Lymphocyte
DOSE/DURATION : 500 mg/L
REFERENCE :
ARTODN Archives of Toxicology. (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberger Pl. 3, D-1000
Berlin 33, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.32- 1974- Volume(issue)/page/year:
45,101,1980
TYPE OF TEST : DNA inhibition
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - rat Cells - not otherwise specified
DOSE/DURATION : 100 mg/L
REFERENCE :
ARTODN Archives of Toxicology. (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberger Pl. 3, D-1000
Berlin 33, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.32- 1974- Volume(issue)/page/year:
45,101,1980
TYPE OF TEST : Cytogenetic analysis
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - hamster Lung
DOSE/DURATION : 20 umol/L
REFERENCE :
TIVIEQ Toxicology In Vitro. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview
Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.1- 1987- Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,53,1989
TYPE OF TEST : Sister chromatid exchange
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - hamster Lung
DOSE/DURATION : 100 nmol/L
REFERENCE :
TOLED5 Toxicology Letters. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1977- Volume(issue)/page/year:
31(Suppl),214,1986
*** REVIEWS ***
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
CRTXB2 CRC Critical Reviews in Toxicology. (CRC Press, Inc., 2000 Corporate
Blvd., NW, Boca Raton, FL 33431) V.1- 1971- Volume(issue)/page/year:
1(1),93,1971
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
DTTIAF Deutsche Tieraerztliche Wochenschrift. (Hanover, Fed. Rep. Ger.)
V.1-77, 1893-1970. Volume(issue)/page/year: 80,485,1973
*** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS ***
EPA FIFRA 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION
FEREAC Federal Register. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of
Documents, Washington, DC 20402) V.1- 1936- Volume(issue)/page/year:
54,7740,1989
MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 0.5 mg/m3
DTLWS* "Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values for Substances in
Workroom Air," Supplements. For publisher information, see 85INA8.
Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,17,1973
*** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS ***
OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 0.5 mg/m3 JAN 1993
OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 0.5 mg/m3 JAN 1993
OEL-DENMARK:TWA 0.5 mg/m3 JAN 1993
OEL-FINLAND:TWA 0.5 mg/m3;STEL 1.5 mg/m3 JAN 1993
OEL-FRANCE:TWA 0.5 mg/m3 JAN 1993
OEL-HUNGARY:STEL 0.1 mg/m3 JAN 1993
OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 0.5 mg/m3 JAN 1993
OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 0.5 mg/m3 JAN 1993
OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 0.5 mg/m3;STEL 1 mg/m3 JAN 1993
OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV
OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV
*** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA ***
NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) :
NIOSH REL TO DIQUAT-air:10H TWA 0.5 mg/m3
REFERENCE :
NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of
Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda.
Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992
NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA :
NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974)
NOHS Hazard Code - 83281
No. of Facilities: 98 (estimated)
No. of Industries: 2
No. of Occupations: 3
No. of Employees: 200 (estimated)
*** STATUS IN U.S. ***
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: D melanogaster Sex-linked lethal
On EPA IRIS database
*** END OF RECORD ***