*** CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION ***
RTECS NUMBER : DC9625000
CHEMICAL NAME : Benzidine
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER : 92-87-5
BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. : 0742770
REFERENCE : 4-13-00-00364 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
LAST UPDATED : 199806
DATA ITEMS CITED : 121
MOLECULAR FORMULA : C12-H12-N2
MOLECULAR WEIGHT : 184.26
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION : ZR DR DZ
COMPOUND DESCRIPTOR : Tumorigen
Mutagen
Human
SYNONYMS/TRADE NAMES :
* Benzidin
* Benzidina
* Benzidine
* Benzydyna
* p,p-Bianiline
* 4,4'-Bianiline
* (1,1'-Biphenyl)-4,4'-diamine
* 4,4'-Biphenyldiamine
* Biphenyl, 4,4'-diamino-
* 4,4'-Biphenylenediamine
* C.I. 37225
* C.I. Azoic Diazo Component 112
* p,p'-Diaminobiphenyl
* 4,4'-Diaminobiphenyl
* 4,4'-Diamino-1,1'-biphenyl
* p-Diaminodiphenyl
* 4,4'-Diaminodiphenyl
* p,p'-Dianiline
* 4,4'-Diphenylenediamine
* Fast Corinth Base B
* NCI-C03361
* RCRA waste number U021
*** HEALTH HAZARD DATA ***
** ACUTE TOXICITY DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 309 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161)
Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information.
Volume(issue)/page/year: PB214-270
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 214 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161)
Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information.
Volume(issue)/page/year: PB214-270
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 110 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
PMRSDJ Progress in Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. Co., Inc., 52
Vanderbilt Ave., New York, NY 10017) V.1- 1981- Volume(issue)/page/year:
1,682,1981
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION : 200 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
AEXPBL Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. (Leipzig,
Ger. Dem. Rep.) V.1-109, 1873-1925. For publisher information, see NSAPCC.
Volume(issue)/page/year: 58,167,1907
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 200 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
AEXPBL Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. (Leipzig,
Ger. Dem. Rep.) V.1-109, 1873-1925. For publisher information, see NSAPCC.
Volume(issue)/page/year: 58,167,1907
** TUMORIGENIC DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - man
DOSE/DURATION : 17600 ug/m3/14Y-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - hematuria
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - tumors
REFERENCE :
AEHLAU Archives of Environmental Health. (Heldref Pub., 4000 Albemarle St.,
NW, Washington, DC 20016) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 27,1,1973
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 108 mg/kg/27D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria
Skin and Appendages - tumors
REFERENCE :
CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut
Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941- Volume(issue)/page/year:
28,924,1968
TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 10 mg/m3/56W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria
Liver - tumors
Blood - leukemia
REFERENCE :
BEXBAN Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine (English Translation).
Translation of BEBMAE. (Plenum Pub. Corp., 233 Spring St., New York, NY
10013) V.41- 1956- Volume(issue)/page/year: 69,68,1970
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 1200 mg/kg/26W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria
Tumorigenic - tumors at site of application
REFERENCE :
VOONAW Voprosy Onkologii. Problems of Oncology. For English translation,
see PONCAU. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1-10,
1928-37; V.1- 1955- Volume(issue)/page/year: 10(5),50,1964
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intratracheal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 315 mg/kg/34W
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria
Liver - tumors
Skin and Appendages - tumors
REFERENCE :
BEXBAN Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine (English Translation).
Translation of BEBMAE. (Plenum Pub. Corp., 233 Spring St., New York, NY
10013) V.41- 1956- Volume(issue)/page/year: 69,68,1970
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 8400 mg/kg/35W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors
Liver - tumors
REFERENCE :
VOONAW Voprosy Onkologii. Problems of Oncology. For English translation,
see PONCAU. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1-10,
1928-37; V.1- 1955- Volume(issue)/page/year: 17(5),61,1971
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - hamster
DOSE/DURATION : 75 mg/kg/3Y-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria
Liver - tumors
REFERENCE :
85DAAC "Bladder Cancer, A Symposium, Fifth Inter-American Conference on
Toxicology and Occupational Medicine, Coral Gables, FL," Lampe, K.F., et
al., eds., Coral Gables, FL, Aesculapius Pub., 1966 Volume(issue)/page/year:
5,129,1966
TYPE OF TEST : TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 1620 gm/kg/45W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria
Liver - tumors
REFERENCE :
AICCA6 Acta Unio Internationalis Contra Cancrum. (Louvain, Belgium) V.1-20,
1936-64. For publisher information, see IJCNAW. Volume(issue)/page/year:
7,46,1950
TYPE OF TEST : TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 850 mg/kg/32W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria
Liver - tumors
Skin and Appendages - tumors
REFERENCE :
VOONAW Voprosy Onkologii. Problems of Oncology. For English translation,
see PONCAU. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1-10,
1928-37; V.1- 1955- Volume(issue)/page/year: 20(2),53,1974
TYPE OF TEST : TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 800 mg/kg/60W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Ear) - effect, not otherwise specified
Blood - tumors
REFERENCE :
VOONAW Voprosy Onkologii. Problems of Oncology. For English translation,
see PONCAU. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1-10,
1928-37; V.1- 1955- Volume(issue)/page/year: 20(8),69,1974
TYPE OF TEST : TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 2025 mg/kg/27W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Ear) - effect, not otherwise specified
Liver - tumors
REFERENCE :
CANCAR Cancer (Philadelphia). (Lippincott/Harper, Journal Fulfillment
Dept., 2350 Virginia Ave., Hagerstown, MD 21740) V.1- 1948-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,789,1950
TYPE OF TEST : TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 25560 ng/kg/2Y-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria
Liver - tumors
REFERENCE :
EKSODD Eksperimental'naya Onkologiya. Experimental Oncology. (V/O
Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Mosow, USSR) V.1- 1979-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 9(4),73,1987
** MUTATION DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation in microorganisms
TEST SYSTEM : Bacteria - Salmonella typhimurium
DOSE/DURATION : 400 ng/plate
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 175,11,1986
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation test systems - not otherwise specified
TEST SYSTEM : Bacteria - Salmonella typhimurium
DOSE/DURATION : 567 mg/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 192,239,1987
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation in microorganisms
TEST SYSTEM : Bacteria - Escherichia coli
DOSE/DURATION : 100 ug/plate
REFERENCE :
PMRSDJ Progress in Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. Co., Inc., 52
Vanderbilt Ave., New York, NY 10017) V.1- 1981- Volume(issue)/page/year:
1,387,1981
TYPE OF TEST : DNA repair
TEST SYSTEM : Bacteria - Escherichia coli
DOSE/DURATION : 1 mg/plate
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 54,101,1978
TYPE OF TEST : Phage inhibition capacity
TEST SYSTEM : Bacteria - Escherichia coli
DOSE/DURATION : 100 mmol/L
REFERENCE :
MDMIAZ Medycyna Doswiadczalna i Mikrobiologia. For English translation, see
EXMMAV. (Ars Polona, POB 1001, 00-068 Warsaw 1, Poland) V.1- 1949-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 31,11,1979
TYPE OF TEST : DNA damage
TEST SYSTEM : Bacteria - Bacillus subtilis
DOSE/DURATION : 2 mg/disc
REFERENCE :
PMRSDJ Progress in Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. Co., Inc., 52
Vanderbilt Ave., New York, NY 10017) V.1- 1981- Volume(issue)/page/year:
1,175,1981
TYPE OF TEST : Specific locus test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
TEST SYSTEM : Insect - Drosophila melanogaster
DOSE/DURATION : 5 mmol/L/48H
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 222,359,1989
TYPE OF TEST : Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Parenteral
TEST SYSTEM : Insect - Drosophila melanogaster
DOSE/DURATION : 5 mmol/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 56,31,1977
TYPE OF TEST : DNA repair
TEST SYSTEM : Yeast - Saccharomyces cerevisiae
DOSE/DURATION : 100 mg/L
REFERENCE :
PMRSDJ Progress in Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. Co., Inc., 52
Vanderbilt Ave., New York, NY 10017) V.1- 1981- Volume(issue)/page/year:
1,502,1981
TYPE OF TEST : Gene conversion and mitotic recombination
TEST SYSTEM : Yeast - Saccharomyces cerevisiae
DOSE/DURATION : 100 mg/L
REFERENCE :
PMRSDJ Progress in Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. Co., Inc., 52
Vanderbilt Ave., New York, NY 10017) V.1- 1981- Volume(issue)/page/year:
1,491,1981
TYPE OF TEST : Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction
TEST SYSTEM : Yeast - Saccharomyces cerevisiae
DOSE/DURATION : 50 mg/L
REFERENCE :
PMRSDJ Progress in Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. Co., Inc., 52
Vanderbilt Ave., New York, NY 10017) V.1- 1981- Volume(issue)/page/year:
1,468,1981
TYPE OF TEST : Micronucleus test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
TEST SYSTEM : Fish - not otherwise specified
DOSE/DURATION : 10 mg/kg
REFERENCE :
CYTBAI Cytobios. (Faculty Press, 88 Regent St., Cambridge, UK) V.1- 1969-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 47,147,1986
TYPE OF TEST : Cytogenetic analysis
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
TEST SYSTEM : Fish - not otherwise specified
DOSE/DURATION : 10 mg/kg
REFERENCE :
CBPCEE Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, C: Pharmacology, Toxicology
and Endocrinology. (Elsevier Science, 660 White Plains Rd., Tarrytown, NY
10591) V.74- 1983- Volume(issue)/page/year: 82,489,1985
TYPE OF TEST : DNA damage
TEST SYSTEM : Human Fibroblast
DOSE/DURATION : 3 mmol/L
REFERENCE :
ENMUDM Environmental Mutagenesis. (New York, NY) V.1-9, 1979-87. For
publisher information, see EMMUEG. Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,267,1985
TYPE OF TEST : DNA adduct
TEST SYSTEM : Human Lymphocyte
DOSE/DURATION : 30 umol/L
REFERENCE :
PNASA6 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States
of America. (National Academy of Sciences, Printing & Pub. Office, 2101
Constitution Ave., Washington, DC 20418) V.1- 1915-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 85,3513,1988
TYPE OF TEST : Unscheduled DNA synthesis
TEST SYSTEM : Human Liver
DOSE/DURATION : 10 mg/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 206,91,1988
TYPE OF TEST : Unscheduled DNA synthesis
TEST SYSTEM : Human HeLa cell
DOSE/DURATION : 100 umol/L
REFERENCE :
CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut
Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941- Volume(issue)/page/year:
38,2621,1978
TYPE OF TEST : Unscheduled DNA synthesis
TEST SYSTEM : Human Fibroblast
DOSE/DURATION : 160 ug/L
REFERENCE :
PMRSDJ Progress in Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. Co., Inc., 52
Vanderbilt Ave., New York, NY 10017) V.1- 1981- Volume(issue)/page/year:
1,528,1981
TYPE OF TEST : DNA inhibition
TEST SYSTEM : Human HeLa cell
DOSE/DURATION : 600 umol/L/30M (Continuous)
REFERENCE :
JEPTDQ Journal of Environmental Pathology and Toxicology. (Park Forest
South, IL) V.1-5(3), 1977-81(?). For publisher information, see JEPOEC.
Volume(issue)/page/year: 2(1),65,1978
TYPE OF TEST : Sister chromatid exchange
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
TEST SYSTEM : Human - man
DOSE/DURATION : 7 ug/m3/27W
REFERENCE :
POLEAQ Polski Tygodnik Lekarski. Polish Medical Weekly. (Ars Polona, POB
1001, 00 068 Warsaw 1, Poland) V.1- 1946- Volume(issue)/page/year:
35,53,1980
TYPE OF TEST : Sister chromatid exchange
TEST SYSTEM : Human Lymphocyte
DOSE/DURATION : 2 mg/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 241,109,1990
TYPE OF TEST : Micronucleus test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 410 mg/kg
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 40,43,1976
TYPE OF TEST : Micronucleus test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 25 mg/kg
REFERENCE :
TXCYAC Toxicology. (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland, Ltd., POB 85,
Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 1973- Volume(issue)/page/year: 57,217,1989
TYPE OF TEST : DNA damage
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - rat Liver
DOSE/DURATION : 3 mmol/L
REFERENCE :
SinJF# Personal Communication from J.F. Sina, Merck Institute for
Therapeutic Research, West Point, PA 19486, Oct. 26, 1982
Volume(issue)/page/year: 26OCT1982
TYPE OF TEST : DNA damage
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 63 mg/kg
REFERENCE :
CRNGDP Carcinogenesis (London). (Oxford Univ. Press, Pinkhill House,
Southfield Road, Eynsham, Oxford OX8 1JJ, UK) V.1- 1980-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 6,1285,1985
TYPE OF TEST : DNA adduct
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Parenteral
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 11600 ug/kg
REFERENCE :
CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut
Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941- Volume(issue)/page/year:
42,2678,1982
TYPE OF TEST : DNA damage
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 200 mg/kg
REFERENCE :
ENMUDM Environmental Mutagenesis. (New York, NY) V.1-9, 1979-87. For
publisher information, see EMMUEG. Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,667,1982
TYPE OF TEST : Unscheduled DNA synthesis
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 200 mg/kg
REFERENCE :
ENMUDM Environmental Mutagenesis. (New York, NY) V.1-9, 1979-87. For
publisher information, see EMMUEG. Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,553,1982
TYPE OF TEST : Unscheduled DNA synthesis
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - rat Liver
DOSE/DURATION : 100 nmol/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 136,255,1984
TYPE OF TEST : DNA inhibition
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 100 umol/kg
REFERENCE :
CRNGDP Carcinogenesis (London). (Oxford Univ. Press, Pinkhill House,
Southfield Road, Eynsham, Oxford OX8 1JJ, UK) V.1- 1980-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 8,1433,1987
TYPE OF TEST : Body fluid assay
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - rat Bacteria - Salmonella typhimurium
DOSE/DURATION : 250 umol/kg
REFERENCE :
TXCYAC Toxicology. (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland, Ltd., POB 85,
Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 1973- Volume(issue)/page/year: 21,223,1981
TYPE OF TEST : Cytogenetic analysis
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - rat Liver
DOSE/DURATION : 12500 ug/L
REFERENCE :
PMRSDJ Progress in Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. Co., Inc., 52
Vanderbilt Ave., New York, NY 10017) V.1- 1981- Volume(issue)/page/year:
1,570,1981
TYPE OF TEST : Cytogenetic analysis
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 250 mg/kg
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 182,309,1987
TYPE OF TEST : Host-mediated assay
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - rat Bacteria - Salmonella typhimurium
DOSE/DURATION : 1 mmol/kg
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 93,317,1982
TYPE OF TEST : Micronucleus test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 6400 ug/kg
REFERENCE :
PMRSDJ Progress in Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. Co., Inc., 52
Vanderbilt Ave., New York, NY 10017) V.1- 1981- Volume(issue)/page/year:
1,686,1981
TYPE OF TEST : Micronucleus test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 300 mg/kg
REFERENCE :
MUTAEX Mutagenesis. (Oxford Univ. Press, Pinkhill House, Southfield Road,
Eynsham, Oxford OX8 1JJ, UK) V.1- 1986- Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,267,1987
TYPE OF TEST : Morphological transformation
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse Embryo
DOSE/DURATION : 2500 ug/L
REFERENCE :
TCMUD8 Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Mutagenesis. (Alan R. Liss, Inc.,
41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1980- Volume(issue)/page/year:
3,101,1983
TYPE OF TEST : DNA damage
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 150 mg/kg
REFERENCE :
BSIBAC Bolletino della Societe Italiana di Biologia Sperimentale. (Casa
Editrice Idelson, Via A. de Gasperi, 55, 80133 Naples, Italy) V.2- 1927-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 56,1673,1980
TYPE OF TEST : DNA adduct
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 9600 ug/kg
REFERENCE :
CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut
Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941- Volume(issue)/page/year:
42,2678,1982
TYPE OF TEST : DNA adduct
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse Liver
DOSE/DURATION : 60 umol/L
REFERENCE :
JJIND8 JNCI, Journal of the National Cancer Institute. (Washington, DC)
V.61-79, 1978-87. For publisher information, see JNCIEQ.
Volume(issue)/page/year: 62,947,1979
TYPE OF TEST : DNA inhibition
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 20 gm/kg
REFERENCE :
ARGEAR Archiv fuer Geschwulstforschung. (VEB Verlag Volk und Gesundheit
Neue Gruenstr. 18, Berlin DDR-1020, Ger. Dem. Rep.) V.1- 1949-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 51,605,1981
TYPE OF TEST : DNA inhibition
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 200 mg/kg
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 46,305,1977
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation test systems - not otherwise specified
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 25 mg/kg
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 268,255,1992
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation test systems - not otherwise specified
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 100 mg/kg
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 319,19,1993
TYPE OF TEST : Cytogenetic analysis
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 25 mg/kg
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 320,69,1994
TYPE OF TEST : Cytogenetic analysis
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse Lymphocyte
DOSE/DURATION : 100 mg/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 320,69,1994
TYPE OF TEST : Sister chromatid exchange
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 7700 ug/kg
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 108,225,1983
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation in mammalian somatic cells
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse Lymphocyte
DOSE/DURATION : 500 ug/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 125,291,1984
TYPE OF TEST : Host-mediated assay
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse Bacteria - Escherichia coli
DOSE/DURATION : 220 mg/kg
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 272,161,1992
TYPE OF TEST : Specific locus test
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - hamster Ovary
DOSE/DURATION : 600 mg/L
REFERENCE :
PMRSDJ Progress in Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. Co., Inc., 52
Vanderbilt Ave., New York, NY 10017) V.1- 1981- Volume(issue)/page/year:
1,594,1981
TYPE OF TEST : Morphological transformation
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - hamster Embryo
DOSE/DURATION : 50 ug/L
REFERENCE :
CALEDQ Cancer Letters (Shannon, Ireland). (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland
Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 1975- Volume(issue)/page/year:
3,45,1977
TYPE OF TEST : Morphological transformation
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - hamster Kidney
DOSE/DURATION : 80 ug/L
REFERENCE :
BJCAAI British Journal of Cancer. (Macmillan Press Ltd., Houndmills,
Basingstoke, Hants. RG21 2XS, UK) V.1- 1947- Volume(issue)/page/year:
37,873,1978
TYPE OF TEST : DNA damage
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - hamster Lung
DOSE/DURATION : 100 umol/L/2H
REFERENCE :
BBRCA9 Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. (Academic
Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 72,732,1976
TYPE OF TEST : Unscheduled DNA synthesis
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - hamster Liver
DOSE/DURATION : 20 nmol/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 136,255,1984
TYPE OF TEST : Cytogenetic analysis
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - hamster Ovary
DOSE/DURATION : 160 mg/L
REFERENCE :
EMMUEG Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E.
11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.10- 1987- Volume(issue)/page/year:
10(Suppl 10),1,1987
TYPE OF TEST : Sister chromatid exchange
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - hamster Ovary
DOSE/DURATION : 5 mg/L
REFERENCE :
EMMUEG Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E.
11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.10- 1987- Volume(issue)/page/year:
10(Suppl 10),1,1987
TYPE OF TEST : DNA adduct
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
TEST SYSTEM : Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION : 60 umol/kg
REFERENCE :
EVHPAZ EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives. (U.S. Government Printing
Office, Supt of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) No.1- 1972-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 49,125,1983
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation test systems - not otherwise specified
TEST SYSTEM : Mammal - dog Cells - not otherwise specified
DOSE/DURATION : 100 umol/L
REFERENCE :
CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut
Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941- Volume(issue)/page/year:
44,1893,1984
TYPE OF TEST : DNA adduct
TEST SYSTEM : Mammal - dog Cells - not otherwise specified
DOSE/DURATION : 100 umol/L
REFERENCE :
CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut
Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941- Volume(issue)/page/year:
44,1893,1984
TYPE OF TEST : Unscheduled DNA synthesis
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - rabbit Cells - not otherwise specified
DOSE/DURATION : 100 umol/L
REFERENCE :
CRNGDP Carcinogenesis (London). (Oxford Univ. Press, Pinkhill House,
Southfield Road, Eynsham, Oxford OX8 1JJ, UK) V.1- 1980-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 8,401,1987
TYPE OF TEST : Unscheduled DNA synthesis
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - rabbit Liver
DOSE/DURATION : 1 umol/L
REFERENCE :
CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut
Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941- Volume(issue)/page/year:
43,3120,1983
*** REVIEWS ***
ACGIH TLV-Confirmed human carcinogen (skin)
DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices
(BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year:
TLV/BEI,1997
IARC Cancer Review:Human Limited Evidence
IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals
to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210)
V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,80,1972
IARC Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence
IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals
to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210)
V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,80,1972
IARC Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence
IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals
to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210)
V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,149,1982
IARC Cancer Review:Human Sufficient Evidence
IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals
to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210)
V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,149,1982
IARC Cancer Review:Group 1
IMSUDL IARC Monographs, Supplement. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49
Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) No.1- 1979- Volume(issue)/page/year:
7,123,1987
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
EAHB** Environmental and Health Criteria for Benzidine. Meeting of DHEW
Committee to Coordinate Toxicology and Related Programs, Feb. 15, 1974 at
Sterling Forest, NY Volume(issue)/page/year: -,38,1974
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
KHZHAZ Khimiya i Zhizn. Chemistry and Life. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga,
113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1965- Volume(issue)/page/year: 12(2),85,1976
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
ADCSAJ Advances in Chemistry Series. (American Chemical Soc., Distribution
Office Dept. 223, POB 57136, West End Stn., Washington, DC 20037) No.1-
1950- Volume(issue)/page/year: 13,271,1970
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
BLFSBY Basic Life Sciences. (Plenum Pub. Corp., 223 Spring St., New York,
NY 10003) V.1- 1973- Volume(issue)/page/year: 24,253,1983
*** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS ***
MSHA STANDARD:skin-HUMAN CARCINOGEN, NO ASSIGNED TWA
DTLWS* "Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values for Substances in
Workroom Air," Supplements. For publisher information, see 85INA8.
Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,11,1973
OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):see CFR 29,1910.1010
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year:
29,1910.1000,1994
OSHA PEL (Construc):see CFR 29,1926.1110
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year:
29,1926,55,1994
OSHA PEL (Shipyard):see CFR 29,1915.1010
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year:
29,1915.1000,1993
OSHA-cancer suspect agent
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year:
29,1910.1010,1987
*** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS ***
OEL-AUSTRALIA;(Prohibited) Skin;Carcinogen JAN 1993
OEL-FINLAND;Carcinogen JAN 1993
OEL-FRANCE:TWA 0.001 ppm (0.008 mg/m3);Carcinogen JAN 1993
OEL-GERMANY;Skin;Carcinogen JAN 1993
OEL-THE NETHERLANDS;Skin JAN 1993
OEL-SWEDEN;Carcinogen JAN 1993
OEL-SWITZERLAND;Carcinogen JAN 1993
OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV
OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV
*** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA ***
NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) :
NIOSH REL TO BENZIDINE-air:CA use 29 CFR 1910.1010
REFERENCE :
NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of
Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda.
Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992
NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA :
NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974)
NOHS Hazard Code - 09830
No. of Facilities: 263 (estimated)
No. of Industries: 4
No. of Occupations: 5
No. of Employees: 1166 (estimated)
NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983)
NOES Hazard Code - 09830
No. of Facilities: 252 (estimated)
No. of Industries: 3
No. of Occupations: 8
No. of Employees: 1554 (estimated)
No. of Female Employees: 426 (estimated)
*** STATUS IN U.S. ***
ATSDR TOXICOLOGY PROFILE
NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161)
Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information.
Volume(issue)/page/year: PB/90/168204/AS
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Carcinogenicity-mouse/rat; SHE-clonal
assay
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Cell transform.-mouse embryo
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Cell transform.-RLV F344 rat embryo
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Mammalian micronucleus; Histidine
reversion-Ames test
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: In vitro UDS in rat liver
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: Sperm morphology-mouse
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: E coli polA without S9; In vitro
UDS-human fibroblast
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: CHO gene mutation
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
On EPA IRIS database
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JUNE 1998
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Benzidine, 5509; in urine, 8306
NTP 7th Annual Report on Carcinogens, 1992 : known to be carcinogenic
OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #ID-65
*** END OF RECORD ***