*** CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION ***
RTECS NUMBER : YW0875000
CHEMICAL NAME : Vanadic acid, ammonium salt
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER : 7803-55-6
LAST UPDATED : 199710
DATA ITEMS CITED : 65
MOLECULAR FORMULA : H4-N.O3-V
MOLECULAR WEIGHT : 116.99
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION : Z& VA-O3
COMPOUND DESCRIPTOR : Mutagen
Reproductive Effector
SYNONYMS/TRADE NAMES :
* RCRA waste number P119
*** HEALTH HAZARD DATA ***
** ACUTE TOXICITY DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 58100 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity)
Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature decrease
REFERENCE :
GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O
Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 57(7-8),26,1992
TYPE OF TEST : LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 7800 ug/m3/4H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity)
Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature decrease
REFERENCE :
GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O
Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 57(7-8),26,1992
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 2102 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity)
Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature decrease
REFERENCE :
GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O
Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 57(7-8),26,1992
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 18 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
ATXKA8 Archiv fuer Toxikologie. (Berlin, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.15-31, 1954-74.
For publisher information, see ARTODN. Volume(issue)/page/year:
16,182,1956
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 23 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - coma
REFERENCE :
ATXKA8 Archiv fuer Toxikologie. (Berlin, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.15-31, 1954-74.
For publisher information, see ARTODN. Volume(issue)/page/year:
16,182,1956
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 3690 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
INJPD2 Indian Journal of Pharmacology. (Dept. of Pharmacology, Baranas
Hindu Univ., Varanasi 221 005, India) V.1- 1968(?)-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 23,153,1991
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intratracheal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 8 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - acute pulmonary edema
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea
Blood - other changes
REFERENCE :
ATXKA8 Archiv fuer Toxikologie. (Berlin, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.15-31, 1954-74.
For publisher information, see ARTODN. Volume(issue)/page/year:
16,182,1956
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 25 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O
Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 57(7-8),26,1992
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 45931 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
JTEHD6 Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. (Hemisphere Pub.,
1025 Vermont Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20005) V.1- 1975/76-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 19,279,1986
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 17500 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
JEPOEC Journal of Environmental Pathology, Toxicology and Oncology.
(Chem-Orbital, POB 134, Park Forest, IL 60466) V.5(4)- 1984-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,83,1992
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 27100 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
INJPD2 Indian Journal of Pharmacology. (Dept. of Pharmacology, Baranas
Hindu Univ., Varanasi 221 005, India) V.1- 1968(?)-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 23,153,1991
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 13 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold
Behavioral - food intake (animal)
Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea
REFERENCE :
JIHTAB Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. (Cambridge, MA)
V.18-31, 1936-49. For publisher information, see AEHLAU.
Volume(issue)/page/year: 31,301,1949
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 1 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity)
Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold
REFERENCE :
AJSNAO American Journal of Syphilis and Neurology. (St. Louis, MO) V.1-19,
1917-35. For publisher information, see AJSGA3. Volume(issue)/page/year:
1,347,1917
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION : 643 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity)
Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold
REFERENCE :
AJSNAO American Journal of Syphilis and Neurology. (St. Louis, MO) V.1-19,
1917-35. For publisher information, see AJSGA3. Volume(issue)/page/year:
1,347,1917
** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 482 mg/kg/14D-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - other changes
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes
Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue
levels - other oxidoreductases
REFERENCE :
CBPCEE Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, C: Pharmacology, Toxicology
and Endocrinology. (Elsevier Science, 660 White Plains Rd., Tarrytown, NY
10591) V.74- 1983- Volume(issue)/page/year: 107,415,1994
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 193 mg/kg/4W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - fluid intake
Blood - pigmented or nucleated red blood cells
Blood - changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count
REFERENCE :
BOMEEH BioMetals. (Rapid Communications of Oxford Ltd., The Old Malthouse,
Paradise St., Oxford OX1 1LD, UK) V.5- 1992 Volume(issue)/page/year:
6,3,1993
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 2688 mg/kg/8W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - other changes
Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)
Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue
levels - other transferases
REFERENCE :
BCTKAG Bromatologia i Chemia Toksykologiczna. (Ars Polona, POB 1001, 00-068
Warsaw 1, Poland) V.4- 1971- Volume(issue)/page/year: 24,139,1991
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 4630 mg/kg/12W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - food intake (animal)
Blood - pigmented or nucleated red blood cells
Blood - changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count
REFERENCE :
BCTKAG Bromatologia i Chemia Toksykologiczna. (Ars Polona, POB 1001, 00-068
Warsaw 1, Poland) V.4- 1971- Volume(issue)/page/year: 22,121,1989
TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 4590 ug/m3/8H/4D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes
Immunological Including Allergic - decreased immune response
REFERENCE :
FAATDF Fundamental and Applied Toxicology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1981- Volume(issue)/page/year:
33,254,1996
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 22047 ug/kg/16D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in bladder weight
Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)
Related to Chronic Data - changes in testicular weight
REFERENCE :
JEPOEC Journal of Environmental Pathology, Toxicology and Oncology.
(Chem-Orbital, POB 134, Park Forest, IL 60466) V.5(4)- 1984-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 9,435,1989
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 68800 ug/kg/30D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes
Liver - other changes
Biochemical - Metabolism (Intermediary) - lipids including transport
REFERENCE :
SAIGBL Sangyo Igaku. Japanese Journal of Industrial Health. (Nippon Sangyo
Eisei Igakkai, Kosu Eisei Bldg., 1-29-8, Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160,
Japan) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year: 13,263,1971
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 241 mg/kg/6W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Biochemical - Metabolism (Intermediary) - other
REFERENCE :
JTEHD6 Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. (Hemisphere Pub.,
1025 Vermont Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20005) V.1- 1975/76-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 49,631,1996
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 482 mg/kg/9W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - other changes
Endocrine - changes in thymus weight
Blood - changes in spleen
REFERENCE :
JTEHD6 Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. (Hemisphere Pub.,
1025 Vermont Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20005) V.1- 1975/76-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 19,279,1986
** REPRODUCTIVE DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - hamster
DOSE : 11280 ug/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 5-10 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or
resorbed implants per total number of implants)
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death
REFERENCE :
ENVRAL Environmental Research. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St.,
Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,256,1982
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - hamster
DOSE : 22500 ug/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 5-10 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - sex ratio
REFERENCE :
ENVRAL Environmental Research. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St.,
Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,256,1982
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - hamster
DOSE : 2820 ug/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 5-10 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
REFERENCE :
ENVRAL Environmental Research. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St.,
Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,256,1982
** MUTATION DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : DNA repair
TEST SYSTEM : Bacteria - Bacillus subtilis
DOSE/DURATION : 300 mmol/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 77,109,1980
TYPE OF TEST : Micronucleus test
TEST SYSTEM : Human Lymphocyte
DOSE/DURATION : 10 umol/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 319,205,1993
TYPE OF TEST : DNA damage
TEST SYSTEM : Human Lymphocyte
DOSE/DURATION : 200 umol/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 269,141,1992
TYPE OF TEST : Sister chromatid exchange
TEST SYSTEM : Human Lymphocyte
DOSE/DURATION : 40 umol/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 319,205,1993
TYPE OF TEST : Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction
TEST SYSTEM : Human Lymphocyte
DOSE/DURATION : 40 umol/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 319,205,1993
TYPE OF TEST : Micronucleus test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 50 mg/kg
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 343,53,1995
TYPE OF TEST : Morphological transformation
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse Fibroblast
DOSE/DURATION : 30 nmol/L
REFERENCE :
CRNGDP Carcinogenesis (London). (Oxford Univ. Press, Pinkhill House,
Southfield Road, Eynsham, Oxford OX8 1JJ, UK) V.1- 1980-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 12,47,1991
TYPE OF TEST : Morphological transformation
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse Embryo
DOSE/DURATION : 5 umol/L
REFERENCE :
FCTOD7 Food and Chemical Toxicology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House,
Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.20- 1982- Volume(issue)/page/year:
33,301,1995
TYPE OF TEST : Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 50 mg/kg
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 343,53,1995
TYPE OF TEST : DNA damage
TEST SYSTEM : Human Ovary
DOSE/DURATION : 200 umol/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 269,141,1992
TYPE OF TEST : Cytogenetic analysis
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - hamster Ovary
DOSE/DURATION : 4 mg/L
REFERENCE :
TOLED5 Toxicology Letters. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1977- Volume(issue)/page/year: 50,327,1990
TYPE OF TEST : Sister chromatid exchange
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - hamster Ovary
DOSE/DURATION : 4592 ug/L
REFERENCE :
TOLED5 Toxicology Letters. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1977- Volume(issue)/page/year: 50,327,1990
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation in mammalian somatic cells
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - hamster Lung
DOSE/DURATION : 5 umol/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 269,141,1992
*** REVIEWS ***
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
FRMBAZ Farmacia (Bucharest). (Rompresfilatelia, POB 12-201, Bucharest,
Romania) V.1- 1953- Volume(issue)/page/year: 21,325,1973
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
85DHAX "Medical and Biologic Effects of Environmental Pollutants Series,"
Washington, DC, National Academy of Sciences, 1972-77
Volume(issue)/page/year: V,46,1974
*** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS ***
OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 0.05 mg(V2O5)/m3 JAN 1993
OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 0.05 mg(V2O5)/m3 JAN 1993
OEL-DENMARK:TWA 0.03 mg(V2O5)/m3 JAN 1993
OEL-FINLAND:TWA 0.5 mg(V2O5)/m3 JAN 1993
OEL-FRANCE:TWA 0.05 mg(V2O5)/m3 JAN 1993
OEL-GERMANY:TWA 0.05 mg(V2O5)/m3 JAN 1993
OEL-HUNGARY:TWA 0.05 mg(V2O5)/m3;STEL 0.1 mg(V205)/m3 JAN 1993
OEL-JAPAN:TWA 0.5 mg(V2O5)/m3 JAN 1993
OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 0.5 mg(V2O5)/m3 JAN 1993
OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 0.25 mg(V205)/m3 JAN 1993
OEL-POLAND:TWA 0.5 mg(V2O5)/m3 JAN 1993
OEL-SWEDEN:STEL 0.05 mg(V2O5)/m3 JAN 1993
OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 0.2 mg(V2O5)/m3 (dust) JAN 1993
OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 0.05 mg(V2O5)/m3;STEL 0.25 mg(V2O5)/m3 JAN 1993
OEL-TURKEY:TWA 0.5 mg(V2O5)/m3 JAN 1993
OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 0.05 mg(V2O5)/m3 (dust) JAN 1993
OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 0.5 mg(V2O5)/m3 JAN 1993
*** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA ***
NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) :
NIOSH REL TO VANADIUM (as V2O5), resp dust/fume-air:CL 0.05 mg/m3/15M
REFERENCE :
NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of
Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda.
Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992
NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA :
NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974)
NOHS Hazard Code - 82136
No. of Facilities: 215 (estimated)
No. of Industries: 9
No. of Occupations: 6
No. of Employees: 939 (estimated)
NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983)
NOES Hazard Code - 82136
No. of Facilities: 350 (estimated)
No. of Industries: 9
No. of Occupations: 9
No. of Employees: 3895 (estimated)
No. of Female Employees: 1548 (estimated)
*** STATUS IN U.S. ***
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: B subtilis rec assay
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JUNE 1998
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Vanadium oxides, 7504
*** END OF RECORD ***