*** CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION ***
RTECS NUMBER : YU2800000
CHEMICAL NAME : Urea, 2-thio-
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER : 62-56-6
LAST UPDATED : 199710
DATA ITEMS CITED : 64
MOLECULAR FORMULA : C-H4-N2-S
MOLECULAR WEIGHT : 76.13
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION : ZYZUS
COMPOUND DESCRIPTOR : Agricultural Chemical
Tumorigen
Drug
Mutagen
Reproductive Effector
Human
Primary Irritant
SYNONYMS/TRADE NAMES :
* Isothiourea
* Pseudothiourea
* RCRA waste number U219
* Sulourea
* Thiocarbamide
* Thiocarbonic acid diamide
* Thiomocovina
* beta-Thiopseudourea
* 2-Thiopseudourea
* Thiourea
* 2-Thiourea
* THU
* Tsizp 34
* Urea, thio-
* USAF EK-497
*** HEALTH HAZARD DATA ***
** SKIN/EYE IRRITATION DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : Standard Draize test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration into the eye
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 14%
REFERENCE :
GTPZAB Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and
Occupational Diseases. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR)
V.1-36, 1957-1992. For publisher information, see MTPEEI
Volume(issue)/page/year: 30(3),42,1986
** ACUTE TOXICITY DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - woman
DOSE/DURATION : 1660 mg/kg/5W
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Blood - hemorrhage
Blood - granulocytopenia
Blood - changes in cell count (unspecified)
REFERENCE :
LANCAO Lancet. (7 Adam St., London WC2N 6AD, UK) V.1- 1823-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 246,179,1944
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - man
DOSE/DURATION : 147 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
85DCAI "Poisoning; Toxicology, Symptoms, Treatments," 2nd ed., Arena, J.M.,
Springfield, IL, C.C. Thomas, 1970 Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,73,1970
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 125 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
HBTXAC "Handbook of Toxicology," 4 vols., Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Co.,
1956-59 Volume(issue)/page/year: 5,177,1959
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 436 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
FCTXAV Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. (London, UK) V.1-19, 1963-81. For
publisher information, see FCTOD7. Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,597,1965
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 100 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161)
Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information.
Volume(issue)/page/year: AD277-689
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 6985 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
HBTXAC "Handbook of Toxicology," 4 vols., Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Co.,
1956-59 Volume(issue)/page/year: 5,177,1959
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION : 4 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
HBTXAC "Handbook of Toxicology," 4 vols., Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Co.,
1956-59 Volume(issue)/page/year: 5,177,1959
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Amphibian - frog
DOSE/DURATION : 10 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
HBTXAC "Handbook of Toxicology," 4 vols., Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Co.,
1956-59 Volume(issue)/page/year: 5,177,1959
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - species unspecified
DOSE/DURATION : 1 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
GTPZAB Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and
Occupational Diseases. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR)
V.1-36, 1957-1992. For publisher information, see MTPEEI
Volume(issue)/page/year: 30(3),42,1986
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - species unspecified
DOSE/DURATION : 3500 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
GTPZAB Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and
Occupational Diseases. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR)
V.1-36, 1957-1992. For publisher information, see MTPEEI
Volume(issue)/page/year: 30(3),42,1986
** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 2550 mg/kg/5W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Endocrine - changes in thyroid weight
REFERENCE :
JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams &
Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 97,349,1949
TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 25 mg/m3/17W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay)
Endocrine - evidence of thyroid hypofunction
Related to Chronic Data - changes in prostate weight
REFERENCE :
GTPZAB Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and
Occupational Diseases. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR)
V.1-36, 1957-1992. For publisher information, see MTPEEI
Volume(issue)/page/year: 30(3),42,1986
TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 47200 ug/m3/39W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - emphysema
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - chronic pulmonary edema
Endocrine - changes in thyroid weight
REFERENCE :
GTPZAB Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and
Occupational Diseases. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR)
V.1-36, 1957-1992. For publisher information, see MTPEEI
Volume(issue)/page/year: 16(6),51,1972
** TUMORIGENIC DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 78 gm/kg/56W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - tumors
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Ear) - effect, not otherwise specified
REFERENCE :
CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut
Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941- Volume(issue)/page/year:
17,302,1957
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Multiple routes
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 151 gm/kg/52W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - tumors
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Ear) - effect, not otherwise specified
REFERENCE :
CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut
Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941- Volume(issue)/page/year:
17,302,1957
TYPE OF TEST : TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 18 gm/kg/2Y-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria
Liver - tumors
REFERENCE :
SCIEAS Science. (American Assoc. for the Advancement of Science, 1333 H
St., NW, Washington, DC 20005) V.1- 1895- Volume(issue)/page/year:
108,626,1948
TYPE OF TEST : TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 40 gm/kg/2Y-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria
Liver - tumors
REFERENCE :
SCIEAS Science. (American Assoc. for the Advancement of Science, 1333 H
St., NW, Washington, DC 20005) V.1- 1895- Volume(issue)/page/year:
108,626,1948
TYPE OF TEST : TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 1950 mg/kg/2Y-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria
Liver - multiple effects
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year:
11,88,1967
TYPE OF TEST : TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Multiple routes
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 179 gm/kg/1Y-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria
Skin and Appendages - tumors
REFERENCE :
CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut
Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941- Volume(issue)/page/year:
14,494,1954
TYPE OF TEST : TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 90 gm/kg/1Y-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria
Endocrine - thyroid tumors
REFERENCE :
BJEPA5 British Journal of Experimental Pathology. (Blackwell Scientific
Pub. Ltd., POB 88, Oxford, UK) V.1- 1920- Volume(issue)/page/year:
28,46,1947
** REPRODUCTIVE DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 240 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 12 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 13,263,1976
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 1 gm/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 12 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or
resorbed implants per total number of implants)
REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 23,335,1981
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 1400 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 16-22 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - endocrine system
REFERENCE :
AMASA4 Acta Medica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae. (Budapest, Hungary)
V.1-39, 1950-82. Volume(issue)/page/year: 32,271,1975
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 4800 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 17-22 day(s) after conception
lactating female 10 day(s) post-birth
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death,
e.g., stunted fetus)
REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 31,57A,1985
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 1 gm/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 10 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or
resorbed implants per total number of implants)
REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 23,335,1981
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - hamster
DOSE : 22400 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 10 week(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Maternal Effects - uterus, cervix, vagina
Reproductive - Maternal Effects - other effects
REFERENCE :
BIREBV Biology of Reproduction. (Soc. for the Study of Reproduction, 309 W.
Clark St., Champaign, IL 61820) V.1- 1969- Volume(issue)/page/year:
36,719,1987
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - domestic
DOSE : 9 gm/kg
SEX/DURATION : male 90 day(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material,
sperm morphology, motility, and count)
Reproductive - Paternal Effects - other effects on male
REFERENCE :
THGNBO Theriogenology. (Geron-X, Inc., P.O. Box 1108, Los Altos, CA 94022)
V.1- 1974- Volume(issue)/page/year: 25,263,1986
** MUTATION DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation in microorganisms
TEST SYSTEM : Bacteria - Salmonella typhimurium
DOSE/DURATION : 150 ug/plate
REFERENCE :
ABCHA6 Agricultural and Biological Chemistry. (Maruzen Co. Ltd., POB 5050,
Tokyo International, Tokyo 100-31, Japan) V.25- 1961-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 44,3017,1980
TYPE OF TEST : DNA repair
TEST SYSTEM : Bacteria - Escherichia coli
DOSE/DURATION : 329 mmol/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 272,145,1992
TYPE OF TEST : DNA adduct
TEST SYSTEM : Bacteria - Escherichia coli
DOSE/DURATION : 20 umol/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 89,95,1981
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation in microorganisms
TEST SYSTEM : Yeast - Saccharomyces cerevisiae
DOSE/DURATION : 52600 umol/L
REFERENCE :
MGGEAE Molecular and General Genetics. (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberger Pl.
3, D-1000 Berlin 33, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.99- 1967-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 174,39,1979
TYPE OF TEST : DNA inhibition
TEST SYSTEM : Human Fibroblast
DOSE/DURATION : 60 mmol/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 183,89,1987
TYPE OF TEST : DNA inhibition
TEST SYSTEM : Human Lymphocyte
DOSE/DURATION : 20 mmol/L
REFERENCE :
PNASA6 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States
of America. (National Academy of Sciences, Printing & Pub. Office, 2101
Constitution Ave., Washington, DC 20418) V.1- 1915-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 79,1171,1982
TYPE OF TEST : DNA inhibition
TEST SYSTEM : Human HeLa cell
DOSE/DURATION : 140 mmol/L
REFERENCE :
CRNGDP Carcinogenesis (London). (Oxford Univ. Press, Pinkhill House,
Southfield Road, Eynsham, Oxford OX8 1JJ, UK) V.1- 1980-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 13,2389,1992
TYPE OF TEST : Morphological transformation
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - rat Embryo
DOSE/DURATION : 100 mg/L
REFERENCE :
JJIND8 JNCI, Journal of the National Cancer Institute. (Washington, DC)
V.61-79, 1978-87. For publisher information, see JNCIEQ.
Volume(issue)/page/year: 67,1303,1981
TYPE OF TEST : DNA damage
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - rat Liver
DOSE/DURATION : 30 mmol/L
REFERENCE :
SinJF# Personal Communication from J.F. Sina, Merck Institute for
Therapeutic Research, West Point, PA 19486, Oct. 26, 1982
Volume(issue)/page/year: 26OCT1982
TYPE OF TEST : Unscheduled DNA synthesis
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - rat Liver
DOSE/DURATION : 10 mmol/L
REFERENCE :
CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut
Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941- Volume(issue)/page/year:
42,3010,1982
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation in mammalian somatic cells
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse Lymphocyte
DOSE/DURATION : 18 mmol/L
REFERENCE :
MUTAEX Mutagenesis. (Oxford Univ. Press, Pinkhill House, Southfield Road,
Eynsham, Oxford OX8 1JJ, UK) V.1- 1986- Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,193,1988
TYPE OF TEST : Host-mediated assay
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse Bacteria - Salmonella typhimurium
DOSE/DURATION : 125 mg/kg
REFERENCE :
JJIND8 JNCI, Journal of the National Cancer Institute. (Washington, DC)
V.61-79, 1978-87. For publisher information, see JNCIEQ.
Volume(issue)/page/year: 62,911,1979
TYPE OF TEST : Morphological transformation
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - hamster Embryo
DOSE/DURATION : 100 ug/L
REFERENCE :
IJCNAW International Journal of Cancer. (International Union Against
Cancer, 3 rue du Conseil- General, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland) V.1- 1966-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 19,642,1977
TYPE OF TEST : Morphological transformation
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - hamster Embryo
DOSE/DURATION : 100 ug/L
REFERENCE :
JJIND8 JNCI, Journal of the National Cancer Institute. (Washington, DC)
V.61-79, 1978-87. For publisher information, see JNCIEQ.
Volume(issue)/page/year: 67,1303,1981
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation in mammalian somatic cells
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - hamster Lung
DOSE/DURATION : 10 mmol/L
REFERENCE :
ARTODN Archives of Toxicology. (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberger Pl. 3, D-1000
Berlin 33, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.32- 1974- Volume(issue)/page/year:
58,5,1985
*** REVIEWS ***
IARC Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence
IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals
to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210)
V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,95,1974
IARC Cancer Review:Human No Adequate Data
IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals
to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210)
V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,95,1974
IARC Cancer Review:Group 2B
IMSUDL IARC Monographs, Supplement. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49
Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) No.1- 1979- Volume(issue)/page/year:
7,56,1987
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
85CVA2 "Oncology 1970, Proceedings of the Tenth International Cancer
Congress," Chicago, Year Book Medical Pub., 1971 Volume(issue)/page/year:
5,250,1970
*** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS ***
OEL-FINLAND;Carcinogen JAN 1993
OEL-FRANCE;Carcinogen JAN 1993
OEL-GERMANY;Carcinogen JAN 1993
OEL-RUSSIA:STEL 0.3 mg/m3 JAN 1993
OEL-SWEDEN;Carcinogen JAN 1993
*** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA ***
NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA :
NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974)
NOHS Hazard Code - 82272
No. of Facilities: 1179 (estimated)
No. of Industries: 29
No. of Occupations: 25
No. of Employees: 12517 (estimated)
NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983)
NOES Hazard Code - 82272
No. of Facilities: 2999 (estimated)
No. of Industries: 50
No. of Occupations: 57
No. of Employees: 37571 (estimated)
No. of Female Employees: 10969 (estimated)
*** STATUS IN U.S. ***
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Carcinogenicity-mouse/rat; Cell
transform.-SA7/F344 rat
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: SHE-clonal assay; Cell transform.-RLV
F344 rat embryo
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Host-mediated assay
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: Cell transform.-SA7/SHE; E coli polA
with S9
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: Histidine reversion-Ames test; Sperm
morphology-mouse
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: S cerevisiae-homozygosis
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: E coli polA without S9
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JUNE 1998
NTP 7th Annual Report on Carcinogens, 1992 : anticipated to be carcinogen
*** END OF RECORD ***