*** CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION ***
RTECS NUMBER : YS2625000
CHEMICAL NAME : Urea, 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitroso-
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER : 154-93-8
BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. : 2049744
LAST UPDATED : 199612
DATA ITEMS CITED : 98
MOLECULAR FORMULA : C5-H9-Cl2-N3-O2
MOLECULAR WEIGHT : 214.07
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION : ONN2GVM2G
COMPOUND DESCRIPTOR : Tumorigen
Drug
Mutagen
Reproductive Effector
Human
SYNONYMS/TRADE NAMES :
* BCNU
* BiCnu
* N,N'-Bis(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosourea
* Bis(2-chloroethyl)nitrosourea
* 1,3-Bis(beta-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea
* 1,3-Bis-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea
* Bischloroethylnitrosourea
* Carmubris
* Carmustin
* Carmustine
* FDA 0345
* NCI-C04773
* Nitrumon
* NSC-409962
* SK 27702
* SRI 1720
* Urea, N,N'-bis(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitroso-
*** HEALTH HAZARD DATA ***
** ACUTE TOXICITY DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - child
DOSE/DURATION : 78 mg/kg/52W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes
Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting
Blood - changes in bone marrow (not otherwise specified)
REFERENCE :
CANCAR Cancer (Philadelphia). (Lippincott/Harper, Journal Fulfillment
Dept., 2350 Virginia Ave., Hagerstown, MD 21740) V.1- 1948-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 42,74,1978
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human
DOSE/DURATION : 125 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting
Blood - leukopenia
Blood - thrombocytopenia
REFERENCE :
ACRSAJ Advances in Cancer Research. (Academic Press, Inc., 465 S. Lincoln
Dr., Troy, MO 63379) V.1- 1953- Volume(issue)/page/year: 16,273,1972
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human
DOSE/DURATION : 6 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting
Blood - leukopenia
Blood - thrombocytopenia
REFERENCE :
CTRRDO Cancer Treatment Reports. (Washington, DC) V.60-71, 1976-87. For
publisher information, see JNCIEQ. Volume(issue)/page/year: 60,709,1976
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Parenteral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - woman
DOSE/DURATION : 1566 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - fibrosis (interstitial)
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - cyanosis
REFERENCE :
JAMAAP JAMA, Journal of the American Medical Association. (AMA, 535 N.
Dearborn St., Chicago, IL 60610) V.1- 1883- Volume(issue)/page/year:
244,687,1980
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 20 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams &
Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 166,104,1969
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 17420 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
NCISP* National Cancer Institute Screening Program Data Summary,
Developmental Therapeutics Program. (Bethesda, MD 20205)
Volume(issue)/page/year: JAN1986
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 83200 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - ataxia
Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
REFERENCE :
IYKEDH Iyakuhin Kenkyu. Study of Medical Supplies. (Nippon Koteisho
Kyokai, 12-15, 2-chome, Shibuya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150, Japan) V.1- 1970-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 9,766,1978
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 13800 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - chronic pulmonary edema
Gastrointestinal - ulceration or bleeding from stomach
Blood - changes in bone marrow (not otherwise specified)
REFERENCE :
ONCOBS Oncology. (S. Karger AG, Postfach CH-4009 Basel, Switzerland) V.21-
1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 37,177,1980
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intramuscular
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 79600 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - ataxia
Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
REFERENCE :
IYKEDH Iyakuhin Kenkyu. Study of Medical Supplies. (Nippon Koteisho
Kyokai, 12-15, 2-chome, Shibuya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150, Japan) V.1- 1970-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 9,766,1978
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 19 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea
Liver - jaundice, other or unclassified
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - urine volume increased
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year:
21,405,1972
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 21260 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
NCISP* National Cancer Institute Screening Program Data Summary,
Developmental Therapeutics Program. (Bethesda, MD 20205)
Volume(issue)/page/year: JAN1986
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 24 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea
Liver - jaundice, other or unclassified
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - urine volume increased
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year:
21,405,1972
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 45 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
PSEBAA Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine.
(Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1903/04-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 118,756,1965
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intramuscular
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 86300 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - ataxia
Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
REFERENCE :
IYKEDH Iyakuhin Kenkyu. Study of Medical Supplies. (Nippon Koteisho
Kyokai, 12-15, 2-chome, Shibuya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150, Japan) V.1- 1970-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 9,766,1978
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 42 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut
Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941- Volume(issue)/page/year:
46,2703,1986
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION : 5 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
ACRSAJ Advances in Cancer Research. (Academic Press, Inc., 465 S. Lincoln
Dr., Troy, MO 63379) V.1- 1953- Volume(issue)/page/year: 16,273,1972
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION : 2 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
CCROBU Cancer Chemotherapy Reports, Part 1. (Washington, DC) V.52(6)-59,
1968-75. For publisher information, see CTRRDO. Volume(issue)/page/year:
57,33,1973
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Primate - monkey
DOSE/DURATION : 10 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Gastrointestinal - other changes
Blood - leukopenia
Blood - other changes
REFERENCE :
CCSUBJ Cancer Chemotherapy Reports, Part 2. (Washington, DC) V.1-5,
1964-75. For publisher information, see CTRRDO. Volume(issue)/page/year:
2,202,1965
TYPE OF TEST : LD10 - Lethal Dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Parenteral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - hamster
DOSE/DURATION : 18 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - active as anti-cancer agent
REFERENCE :
JSONAU Journal of Surgical Oncology. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St.,
New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1969- Volume(issue)/page/year: 15,355,1980
** TUMORIGENIC DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 15 mg/kg/7W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors
Gastrointestinal - tumors
REFERENCE :
CANCAR Cancer (Philadelphia). (Lippincott/Harper, Journal Fulfillment
Dept., 2350 Virginia Ave., Hagerstown, MD 21740) V.1- 1948-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 40,1935,1977
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 16 mg/kg/60W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors
REFERENCE :
DTESD7 52 Vanderbilt Ave., New York, NY 10017) V.1-15, 1977-87.
Discontinued 52 Vanderbilt Ave., New York, NY 10017) V.1- 1977-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 8,273,1980
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 276 mg/kg/23W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria
Skin and Appendages - hair
Skin and Appendages - tumors
REFERENCE :
EXPEAM Experientia. (Birkhaeuser Verlag, POB 133, CH-4010 Basel,
Switzerland) V.1- 1945- Volume(issue)/page/year: 36,1211,1980
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 98 mg/kg/26W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors
Gastrointestinal - tumors
REFERENCE :
CANCAR Cancer (Philadelphia). (Lippincott/Harper, Journal Fulfillment
Dept., 2350 Virginia Ave., Hagerstown, MD 21740) V.1- 1948-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 40,1935,1977
TYPE OF TEST : TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 26 mg/kg/60W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria
Gastrointestinal - tumors
REFERENCE :
DTESD7 52 Vanderbilt Ave., New York, NY 10017) V.1-15, 1977-87.
Discontinued 52 Vanderbilt Ave., New York, NY 10017) V.1- 1977-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 8,273,1980
TYPE OF TEST : TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 45 mg/kg/60W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors
REFERENCE :
DTESD7 52 Vanderbilt Ave., New York, NY 10017) V.1-15, 1977-87.
Discontinued 52 Vanderbilt Ave., New York, NY 10017) V.1- 1977-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 8,273,1980
TYPE OF TEST : TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 51 mg/kg/24W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors
Gastrointestinal - tumors
REFERENCE :
DTESD7 52 Vanderbilt Ave., New York, NY 10017) V.1-15, 1977-87.
Discontinued 52 Vanderbilt Ave., New York, NY 10017) V.1- 1977-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 8,273,1980
** REPRODUCTIVE DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 8 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 6-9 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - cardiovascular
(circulatory) system
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - urogenital system
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year:
30,422,1974
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 8 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 6-9 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - eye/ear
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - body wall
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year:
30,422,1974
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 9 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : male 9 week(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - litter size (e.g. # fetuses per litter; measured
before birth)
Reproductive - Fertility - pre-implantation mortality (e.g. reduction in
number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea)
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year:
30,422,1974
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 4 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 6-9 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death,
e.g., stunted fetus)
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year:
30,422,1974
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 11 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : male 1 day(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material,
sperm morphology, motility, and count)
REFERENCE :
CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut
Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941- Volume(issue)/page/year:
42,122,1982
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 40 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 12 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - live birth index (measured after birth)
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4
per # born alive)
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight
gain)
REFERENCE :
TCMUD8 Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Mutagenesis. (Alan R. Liss, Inc.,
41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1980- Volume(issue)/page/year:
7,7,1987
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE : 6500 ug/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 6-18 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death,
e.g., stunted fetus)
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year:
30,422,1974
** MUTATION DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation in microorganisms
TEST SYSTEM : Bacteria - Salmonella typhimurium
DOSE/DURATION : 33 ug/plate
REFERENCE :
TCMUD8 Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Mutagenesis. (Alan R. Liss, Inc.,
41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1980- Volume(issue)/page/year:
5,319,1985
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation in microorganisms
TEST SYSTEM : Bacteria - Salmonella typhimurium
DOSE/DURATION : 10 ug/plate
REFERENCE :
AJHPA9 American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy. (American Soc. of Hospital
Pharmacists, 4630 Montgomery Ave., Bethesda, MD 20814) V.15- 1958-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 43,344,1986
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation in microorganisms
TEST SYSTEM : Bacteria - Escherichia coli
DOSE/DURATION : 300 umol/L
REFERENCE :
APTOA6 Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica. (Copenhagen, Denmark) V.1-59,
1945-86. For publisher information, see PHTOEH Volume(issue)/page/year:
53,421,1983
TYPE OF TEST : DNA repair
TEST SYSTEM : Bacteria - Escherichia coli
DOSE/DURATION : 7 mmol/L
REFERENCE :
ZKKOBW Zeitschrift fuer Krebsforschung und Klinische Onkologie. (Berlin,
Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.76-92, 1971-78. For publisher information, see JCROD7.
Volume(issue)/page/year: 92,177,1978
TYPE OF TEST : DNA adduct
TEST SYSTEM : Bacteria - Escherichia coli
DOSE/DURATION : 25 umol/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 89,95,1981
TYPE OF TEST : Phage inhibition capacity
TEST SYSTEM : Bacteria - Escherichia coli
DOSE/DURATION : 50 ug/plate
REFERENCE :
CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut
Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941- Volume(issue)/page/year:
43,2819,1983
TYPE OF TEST : Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
TEST SYSTEM : Insect - Drosophila melanogaster
DOSE/DURATION : 1 mmol/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 57,297,1978
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation in microorganisms
TEST SYSTEM : Yeast - Saccharomyces cerevisiae
DOSE/DURATION : 500 mg/L
REFERENCE :
CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut
Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941- Volume(issue)/page/year:
49,279,1989
TYPE OF TEST : Gene conversion and mitotic recombination
TEST SYSTEM : Yeast - Saccharomyces cerevisiae
DOSE/DURATION : 500 umol/L/16H
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 42,45,1977
TYPE OF TEST : Sister chromatid exchange
TEST SYSTEM : Non-mammalian species Cells - not otherwise specified
DOSE/DURATION : 3 umol/L
REFERENCE :
PAACA3 Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research. (Waverly
Press, 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1954-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 24,265,1983
TYPE OF TEST : DNA damage
TEST SYSTEM : Human Embryo
DOSE/DURATION : 100 umol/L
REFERENCE :
CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut
Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941- Volume(issue)/page/year:
44,1352,1984
TYPE OF TEST : DNA damage
TEST SYSTEM : Human Lung
DOSE/DURATION : 100 umol/L
REFERENCE :
CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut
Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941- Volume(issue)/page/year:
38,672,1978
TYPE OF TEST : DNA adduct
TEST SYSTEM : Human HeLa cell
DOSE/DURATION : 25 umol/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 89,95,1981
TYPE OF TEST : DNA damage
TEST SYSTEM : Human Cells - not otherwise specified
DOSE/DURATION : 50 umol/L
REFERENCE :
CRNGDP Carcinogenesis (London). (Oxford Univ. Press, Pinkhill House,
Southfield Road, Eynsham, Oxford OX8 1JJ, UK) V.1- 1980-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,879,1986
TYPE OF TEST : DNA damage
TEST SYSTEM : Human Cells - not otherwise specified
DOSE/DURATION : 60 mg/L
REFERENCE :
BCPCA6 Biochemical Pharmacology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House,
Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.1- 1958- Volume(issue)/page/year:
43,1101,1992
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation test systems - not otherwise specified
TEST SYSTEM : Human HeLa cell
DOSE/DURATION : 10 mg/L
REFERENCE :
BBACAQ Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211,
1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1947- Volume(issue)/page/year:
349,389,1974
TYPE OF TEST : DNA inhibition
TEST SYSTEM : Human Leukocyte
DOSE/DURATION : 1 umol/L
REFERENCE :
BBACAQ Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211,
1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1947- Volume(issue)/page/year:
425,463,1976
TYPE OF TEST : DNA inhibition
TEST SYSTEM : Human HeLa cell
DOSE/DURATION : 100 umol/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 92,427,1982
TYPE OF TEST : DNA inhibition
TEST SYSTEM : Human Lymphocyte
DOSE/DURATION : 50 umol/L
REFERENCE :
CBINA8 Chemico-Biological Interactions. (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland
Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 1969- Volume(issue)/page/year:
51,191,1984
TYPE OF TEST : Sister chromatid exchange
TEST SYSTEM : Human Lymphocyte
DOSE/DURATION : 5 umol/L
REFERENCE :
CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut
Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941- Volume(issue)/page/year:
49,1899,1989
TYPE OF TEST : Sister chromatid exchange
TEST SYSTEM : Human Cells - not otherwise specified
DOSE/DURATION : 4 umol/L
REFERENCE :
CRNGDP Carcinogenesis (London). (Oxford Univ. Press, Pinkhill House,
Southfield Road, Eynsham, Oxford OX8 1JJ, UK) V.1- 1980-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,879,1986
TYPE OF TEST : DNA damage
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 100 umol/kg
REFERENCE :
CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut
Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941- Volume(issue)/page/year:
44,514,1984
TYPE OF TEST : DNA damage
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - rat Cells - not otherwise specified
DOSE/DURATION : 50 umol/L
REFERENCE :
CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut
Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941- Volume(issue)/page/year:
40,3186,1980
TYPE OF TEST : Body fluid assay
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - rat Bacteria - Salmonella typhimurium
DOSE/DURATION : 80 mg/kg
REFERENCE :
HIKYAJ Hinyokika Kiyo. Journal of Urology. (Kyoto Daigaku Igakubu,
Hinyokikagaku Kyoshitsu, 54 Kawara-machi, Shogain, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606,
Japan) V.1- 1955- Volume(issue)/page/year: 26,813,1980
TYPE OF TEST : Cytogenetic analysis
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - rat Cells - not otherwise specified
DOSE/DURATION : 5 mg/L
REFERENCE :
EJCAAH European Journal of Cancer. (Oxford, UK) V.1-17(6), 1965-1981. For
publisher information, see EJCODS. Volume(issue)/page/year: 15,461,1979
TYPE OF TEST : Sister chromatid exchange
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - rat Cells - not otherwise specified
DOSE/DURATION : 1 umol/L
REFERENCE :
CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut
Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941- Volume(issue)/page/year:
43,473,1983
TYPE OF TEST : Micronucleus test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 1450 ug/kg
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 44,87,1977
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation in microorganisms
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse Lymphocyte
DOSE/DURATION : 200 ug/L
REFERENCE :
DCTODJ Drug and Chemical Toxicology. (Marcel Dekker, 270 Madison Ave., New
York, NY 10016) V.1- 1977/78- Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,277,1978
TYPE OF TEST : DNA damage
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 150 umol/kg
REFERENCE :
JCROD7 Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology. (Springer-Verlag
New York, Inc., Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ 07094) V.93-
1979- Volume(issue)/page/year: 110,185,1985
TYPE OF TEST : DNA damage
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse Leukocyte
DOSE/DURATION : 20 mg/L
REFERENCE :
CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut
Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941- Volume(issue)/page/year:
44,3856,1984
TYPE OF TEST : DNA inhibition
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 30 mg/kg
REFERENCE :
CCROBU Cancer Chemotherapy Reports, Part 1. (Washington, DC) V.52(6)-59,
1968-75. For publisher information, see CTRRDO. Volume(issue)/page/year:
59,531,1975
TYPE OF TEST : DNA inhibition
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse Leukocyte
DOSE/DURATION : 1 mg/L
REFERENCE :
AMKUDT Acta Medica Kinki University. (Kinki Univ. Medical Assoc., 380
Nishiyama, Sayama-cho, Minami-kawachi-gun, Osaka-fu, Japan) V.1- 1976-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,57,1986
TYPE OF TEST : DNA inhibition
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse Bone marrow
DOSE/DURATION : 20 umol/L
REFERENCE :
CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut
Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941- Volume(issue)/page/year:
45,4185,1985
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation test systems - not otherwise specified
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse Bone marrow
DOSE/DURATION : 40 umol/L
REFERENCE :
CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut
Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941- Volume(issue)/page/year:
45,4185,1985
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation test systems - not otherwise specified
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse Leukocyte
DOSE/DURATION : 1 mg/L
REFERENCE :
AMKUDT Acta Medica Kinki University. (Kinki Univ. Medical Assoc., 380
Nishiyama, Sayama-cho, Minami-kawachi-gun, Osaka-fu, Japan) V.1- 1976-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,57,1986
TYPE OF TEST : Cytogenetic analysis
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 9050 ug/kg
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 44,87,1977
TYPE OF TEST : Sister chromatid exchange
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 4400 ug/kg
REFERENCE :
CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut
Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941- Volume(issue)/page/year:
42,2813,1982
TYPE OF TEST : Sister chromatid exchange
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Unreported
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 8800 ug/kg
REFERENCE :
ENMUDM Environmental Mutagenesis. (New York, NY) V.1-9, 1979-87. For
publisher information, see EMMUEG. Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,245,1980
TYPE OF TEST : Sister chromatid exchange
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse Lymphocyte
DOSE/DURATION : 1500 ug/kg
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 106,85,1982
TYPE OF TEST : Sister chromatid exchange
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse Lymphocyte
DOSE/DURATION : 100 gm/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 106,85,1982
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation in mammalian somatic cells
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse Lymphocyte
DOSE/DURATION : 200 ug/L
REFERENCE :
DCTODJ Drug and Chemical Toxicology. (Marcel Dekker, 270 Madison Ave., New
York, NY 10016) V.1- 1977/78- Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,277,1978
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation in mammalian somatic cells
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - hamster Lung
DOSE/DURATION : 3 mg/L
REFERENCE :
ENMUDM Environmental Mutagenesis. (New York, NY) V.1-9, 1979-87. For
publisher information, see EMMUEG. Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,321,1982
TYPE OF TEST : Host-mediated assay
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse Bacteria - Salmonella typhimurium
DOSE/DURATION : 25 mg/kg
REFERENCE :
JNCIAM Journal of the National Cancer Institute. (Washington, DC) V.1-60,
1940-78. For publisher information, see JJIND8. Volume(issue)/page/year:
60,1495,1978
TYPE OF TEST : Host-mediated assay
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse Leukocyte
DOSE/DURATION : 4 mg/kg
REFERENCE :
BCPCA6 Biochemical Pharmacology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House,
Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.1- 1958- Volume(issue)/page/year:
23,3097,1974
TYPE OF TEST : Sperm Morphology
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 33 mg/kg
REFERENCE :
CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut
Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941- Volume(issue)/page/year:
42,122,1982
TYPE OF TEST : Micronucleus test
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - hamster Lung
DOSE/DURATION : 10 umol/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 301,149,1993
TYPE OF TEST : DNA damage
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - hamster Lung
DOSE/DURATION : 8500 nmol/L
REFERENCE :
CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut
Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941- Volume(issue)/page/year:
38,3379,1978
TYPE OF TEST : DNA inhibition
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - hamster
DOSE/DURATION : 15 mg/kg
REFERENCE :
CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut
Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941- Volume(issue)/page/year:
34,1957,1974
TYPE OF TEST : Cytogenetic analysis
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - hamster Lung
DOSE/DURATION : 3200 ug/L
REFERENCE :
GMCRDC Gann Monograph on Cancer Research. (Plenum Pub. Corp., 233 Spring
St., New York, NY 10013) No. 11- 1971- Volume(issue)/page/year:
27,95,1981
TYPE OF TEST : Sister chromatid exchange
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - hamster Lung
DOSE/DURATION : 12 umol/L
REFERENCE :
FAATDF Fundamental and Applied Toxicology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1981- Volume(issue)/page/year:
9,541,1987
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation in mammalian somatic cells
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - hamster Lung
DOSE/DURATION : 10 umol/L
REFERENCE :
CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut
Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941- Volume(issue)/page/year:
40,2719,1980
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation in mammalian somatic cells
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - hamster Ovary
DOSE/DURATION : 4 mg/L
REFERENCE :
CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut
Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941- Volume(issue)/page/year:
35,460,1975
TYPE OF TEST : DNA damage
TEST SYSTEM : Mammal - species unspecified Lymphocyte
DOSE/DURATION : 10 mmol/L
REFERENCE :
CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut
Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941- Volume(issue)/page/year:
44,1887,1984
*** REVIEWS ***
IARC Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence
IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals
to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210)
V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 26,79,1981
IARC Cancer Review:Human Limited Evidence
IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals
to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210)
V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 26,79,1981
IARC Cancer Review:Group 2A
IMSUDL IARC Monographs, Supplement. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49
Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) No.1- 1979- Volume(issue)/page/year:
7,150,1987
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161)
Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information.
Volume(issue)/page/year: PB282-265
*** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA ***
NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA :
NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983)
NOES Hazard Code - X3594
No. of Facilities: 373 (estimated)
No. of Industries: 1
No. of Occupations: 7
No. of Employees: 14122 (estimated)
No. of Female Employees: 10338 (estimated)
*** STATUS IN U.S. ***
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Carcinogenicity-mouse/rat; Histidine
reversion-Ames test
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: D melanogaster Sex-linked lethal
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: V79 cell culture-gene mutation
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: S cerevisiae gene conversion
NCI Carcinogenesis Studies (ipr);clear evidence:mouse
CANCAR Cancer (Philadelphia). (Lippincott/Harper, Journal Fulfillment
Dept., 2350 Virginia Ave., Hagerstown, MD 21740) V.1- 1948-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 40,1935,77
NCI Carcinogenesis Studies (ipr);some evidence:rat
CANCAR Cancer (Philadelphia). (Lippincott/Harper, Journal Fulfillment
Dept., 2350 Virginia Ave., Hagerstown, MD 21740) V.1- 1948-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 40,1935,77
NTP 7th Annual Report on Carcinogens, 1992 : anticipated to be carcinogen
*** END OF RECORD ***