*** CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION ***
RTECS NUMBER : XO6950000
CHEMICAL NAME : Thorium oxide
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER : 1314-20-1
LAST UPDATED : 199710
DATA ITEMS CITED : 25
MOLECULAR FORMULA : O2-Th
MOLECULAR WEIGHT : 264.00
COMPOUND DESCRIPTOR : Tumorigen
Human
SYNONYMS/TRADE NAMES :
* Thoria
* Thorium dioxide
* Thorotrast
* Thortrast
* Umbrathor
*** HEALTH HAZARD DATA ***
** ACUTE TOXICITY DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intratracheal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : >1140 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
EQSSDX Environmental Quality and Safety, Supplement. (Stuttgart, Fed. Rep.
Ger.) V.1-5, 1975-76. Discontinued. Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,1,1975
** TUMORIGENIC DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Parenteral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - woman
DOSE/DURATION : 1 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria
Liver - tumors
REFERENCE :
ANYAA9 Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. (New York Academy of
Sciences, 2 E. 63rd St., New York, NY 10021) V.1- 1877-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 145,700,1967
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human
DOSE/DURATION : 2880 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria
Liver - tumors
REFERENCE :
AJRRAV American Journal of Roentgenology, Radium Therapy and Nuclear
Medicine. (Springfield, IL) V.67-125, 1952-75. For publisher information,
see AAJRDX. Volume(issue)/page/year: 83,163,1960
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraarterial
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human
DOSE/DURATION : 490 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria
Tumorigenic - tumors at site of application
REFERENCE :
ANYAA9 Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. (New York Academy of
Sciences, 2 E. 63rd St., New York, NY 10021) V.1- 1877-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 145,776,1967
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 160 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria
Liver - tumors
REFERENCE :
ANYAA9 Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. (New York Academy of
Sciences, 2 E. 63rd St., New York, NY 10021) V.1- 1877-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 145,738,1967
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 20 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria
Tumorigenic - tumors at site of application
REFERENCE :
JNCIAM Journal of the National Cancer Institute. (Washington, DC) V.1-60,
1940-78. For publisher information, see JJIND8. Volume(issue)/page/year:
1,349,1940
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 10 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria
Liver - tumors
Blood - tumors
REFERENCE :
BJCAAI British Journal of Cancer. (Macmillan Press Ltd., Houndmills,
Basingstoke, Hants. RG21 2XS, UK) V.1- 1947- Volume(issue)/page/year:
10,527,1956
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intramuscular
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 400 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria
Blood - lymphoma, including Hodgkin's disease
Skin and Appendages - tumors
REFERENCE :
CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut
Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941- Volume(issue)/page/year:
22,152,1962
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 1500 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria
Blood - tumors
Tumorigenic - tumors at site of application
REFERENCE :
ANYAA9 Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. (New York Academy of
Sciences, 2 E. 63rd St., New York, NY 10021) V.1- 1877-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 145,724,1967
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Parenteral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION : 4 gm/kg/15W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria
Skin and Appendages - tumors
Tumorigenic - tumors at site of application
REFERENCE :
AJCAA7 American Journal of Cancer. (New York, NY) V.15-40, 1931-40. For
publisher information, see CNREA8. Volume(issue)/page/year: 35,363,1939
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - hamster
DOSE/DURATION : 2 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria
Tumorigenic - tumors at site of application
REFERENCE :
GANNA2 Gann. Japanese Journal of Cancer Research. (Tokyo, Japan) V.1-75,
1907-84. For publisher information, see JJCREP. Volume(issue)/page/year:
57,431,1966
TYPE OF TEST : TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 3600 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria
Liver - tumors
Blood - tumors
REFERENCE :
PAMIAD Pathologica et Microbiologia. (Basel, Switzerland) V.23-43,
1960-75. For publisher information, see ECEBDI. Volume(issue)/page/year:
25,27,1962
TYPE OF TEST : TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 300 mg(Th)/kg/2Y-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria
Liver - tumors
Blood - tumors
REFERENCE :
AICCA6 Acta Unio Internationalis Contra Cancrum. (Louvain, Belgium) V.1-20,
1936-64. For publisher information, see IJCNAW. Volume(issue)/page/year:
16,425,1960
TYPE OF TEST : TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Parenteral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human
DOSE/DURATION : 700 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria
Liver - angiosarcoma
Blood - tumors
REFERENCE :
ANYAA9 Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. (New York Academy of
Sciences, 2 E. 63rd St., New York, NY 10021) V.1- 1877-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 145,676,1967
TYPE OF TEST : TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Parenteral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human
DOSE/DURATION : 1260 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria
Liver - angiosarcoma
Blood - tumors
REFERENCE :
ANYAA9 Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. (New York Academy of
Sciences, 2 E. 63rd St., New York, NY 10021) V.1- 1877-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 145,676,1967
TYPE OF TEST : TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraarterial
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - woman
DOSE/DURATION : 2 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria
Tumorigenic - tumors at site of application
REFERENCE :
ANYAA9 Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. (New York Academy of
Sciences, 2 E. 63rd St., New York, NY 10021) V.1- 1877-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 145,776,1967
TYPE OF TEST : TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 10 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors
Liver - tumors
REFERENCE :
BJCAAI British Journal of Cancer. (Macmillan Press Ltd., Houndmills,
Basingstoke, Hants. RG21 2XS, UK) V.1- 1947- Volume(issue)/page/year:
9,253,1955
TYPE OF TEST : TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Parenteral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - woman
DOSE/DURATION : 2350 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - Kidney tumors
REFERENCE :
EUURAV European Urology. (S. Karger Pub., Inc., 79 Fifth Ave., New York, NY
10003) V.1- 1975- Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,69,1977
TYPE OF TEST : TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraarterial
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - man
DOSE/DURATION : 1190 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria
Liver - tumors
Blood - lymphoma, including Hodgkin's disease
REFERENCE :
APMIAL Acta Pathologica et Microbiologica Scandinavica. (Copenhagen,
Denmark) V.1-77, 1924-69. For publisher information, see ACPADQ.
Volume(issue)/page/year: 53,147,1961
TYPE OF TEST : TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraarterial
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human
DOSE/DURATION : 1302 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria
Liver - tumors
Liver - angiosarcoma
REFERENCE :
BJCAAI British Journal of Cancer. (Macmillan Press Ltd., Houndmills,
Basingstoke, Hants. RG21 2XS, UK) V.1- 1947- Volume(issue)/page/year:
41,446,1980
*** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA ***
NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA :
NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983)
NOES Hazard Code - X2987
No. of Facilities: 146 (estimated)
No. of Industries: 14
No. of Occupations: 9
No. of Employees: 2274 (estimated)
No. of Female Employees: 266 (estimated)
*** STATUS IN U.S. ***
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JUNE 1998
NTP 7th Annual Report on Carcinogens, 1992 : known to be carcinogenic
*** END OF RECORD ***