*** CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION ***
RTECS NUMBER : UR8400000
CHEMICAL NAME : Pyridine
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER : 110-86-1
LAST UPDATED : 199806
DATA ITEMS CITED : 64
MOLECULAR FORMULA : C5-H5-N
MOLECULAR WEIGHT : 79.11
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION : T6NJ
COMPOUND DESCRIPTOR : Tumorigen
Mutagen
Primary Irritant
SYNONYMS/TRADE NAMES :
* Azabenzene
* Azine
* NCI-C55301
* Piridina
* Pirydyna
* Pyridin
* Pyridine
* RCRA waste number U196
*** HEALTH HAZARD DATA ***
** SKIN/EYE IRRITATION DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : Standard Draize test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 500 mg/24H
REACTION SEVERITY : Mild
REFERENCE :
85JCAE "Prehled Prumyslove Toxikologie; Organicke Latky," Marhold, J.,
Prague, Czechoslovakia, Avicenum, 1986 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,839,1986
** ACUTE TOXICITY DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 891 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - ptosis
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity)
Behavioral - coma
REFERENCE :
BIOFX* BIOFAX Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories, Inc., Data Sheets. (1810
Frontage Rd., Northbrook, IL 60062) Volume(issue)/page/year: 14-4/1970
TYPE OF TEST : LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 28500 mg/m3/1H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - lacrimation
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity)
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea
REFERENCE :
BIOFX* BIOFAX Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories, Inc., Data Sheets. (1810
Frontage Rd., Northbrook, IL 60062) Volume(issue)/page/year: 14-4/1970
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 866 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161)
Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information.
Volume(issue)/page/year: PB195-158
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 866 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
CTOXAO Clinical Toxicology. (New York, NY) V.1-18, 1968-81. For publisher
information, see JTCTDW. Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,185,1971
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 360 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - sleep
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity)
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea
REFERENCE :
PLRCAT Pharmacological Research Communications. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1969- Volume(issue)/page/year:
5,341,1973
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 1500 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - sleep
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity)
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea
REFERENCE :
PLRCAT Pharmacological Research Communications. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1969- Volume(issue)/page/year:
5,341,1973
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 950 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
PBPHAW Progress in Biochemical Pharmacology. (S. Karger AG, Postfach
CH-4009 Basel, Switzerland) V.1- 1965- Volume(issue)/page/year:
1,542,1965
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 1250 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - sleep
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity)
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea
REFERENCE :
PLRCAT Pharmacological Research Communications. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1969- Volume(issue)/page/year:
5,341,1973
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 420 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - sleep
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity)
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea
REFERENCE :
PLRCAT Pharmacological Research Communications. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1969- Volume(issue)/page/year:
5,341,1973
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION : 880 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Cardiac - change in rate
Vascular - BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression
REFERENCE :
TXCYAC Toxicology. (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland, Ltd., POB 85,
Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 1973- Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,165,1975
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 1121 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - ataxia
Gastrointestinal - changes in structure or function of salivary glands
Liver - other changes
REFERENCE :
BIOFX* BIOFAX Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories, Inc., Data Sheets. (1810
Frontage Rd., Northbrook, IL 60062) Volume(issue)/page/year: 14-4/1970
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 15 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - flaccid paralysis without anesthesia
(usually neuromuscular blockage)
Behavioral - general anesthetic
REFERENCE :
JIDIAQ Journal of Infectious Diseases. (Univ. of Chicago Press, Journals
Div., POB 37005, Chicago, IL 60637) V.1- 1904- Volume(issue)/page/year:
42,473,1928
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 800 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
85IXA4 "Structure et Activite Pharmacodyanmique des Medicaments du Systeme
Nerveux Vegetatif," Bovet, D., and F. Bovet-Nitti, New York, S. Karger, 1948
Volume(issue)/page/year: -,695,1948
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION : 4 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - general anesthetic
Behavioral - tremor
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes
REFERENCE :
JPHYA7 Journal of Physiology. (Cambridge Univ. Press, 32 E. 57th St., New
York, NY 10022) V.1- 1878- Volume(issue)/page/year: 17,272,1894
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION : 1 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
85JCAE "Prehled Prumyslove Toxikologie; Organicke Latky," Marhold, J.,
Prague, Czechoslovakia, Avicenum, 1986 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,839,1986
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION : 870 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - general anesthetic
Behavioral - tremor
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes
REFERENCE :
JPHYA7 Journal of Physiology. (Cambridge Univ. Press, 32 E. 57th St., New
York, NY 10022) V.1- 1878- Volume(issue)/page/year: 17,272,1894
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Parenteral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Amphibian - frog
DOSE/DURATION : 870 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
85IXA4 "Structure et Activite Pharmacodyanmique des Medicaments du Systeme
Nerveux Vegetatif," Bovet, D., and F. Bovet-Nitti, New York, S. Karger, 1948
Volume(issue)/page/year: -,695,1948
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - species unspecified
DOSE/DURATION : 1500 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
GTPZAB Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and
Occupational Diseases. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR)
V.1-36, 1957-1992. For publisher information, see MTPEEI
Volume(issue)/page/year: 32(10),25,1988
TYPE OF TEST : LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - species unspecified
DOSE/DURATION : 10 gm/m3
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
GTPZAB Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and
Occupational Diseases. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR)
V.1-36, 1957-1992. For publisher information, see MTPEEI
Volume(issue)/page/year: 32(10),25,1988
** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 25 mg/kg/14W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Blood - change in clotting factors
Related to Chronic Data - death
REFERENCE :
GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O
Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 23(7),30,1958
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 4200 mg/kg/28D-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - changes in liver weight
Endocrine - changes in adrenal weight
REFERENCE :
BIOFX* BIOFAX Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories, Inc., Data Sheets. (1810
Frontage Rd., Northbrook, IL 60062) Volume(issue)/page/year: 14-4/1970
TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 1 mg/m3/24H/60D-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)
Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue
levels - true cholinesterase
Biochemical - Metabolism (Intermediary) - other proteins
REFERENCE :
GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O
Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 31(11),3,1966
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 494 mg/kg/5D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)
Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue
levels - other Enzymes
REFERENCE :
TOLED5 Toxicology Letters. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1977- Volume(issue)/page/year: 85,173,1996
** MUTATION DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation in microorganisms
TEST SYSTEM : Bacteria - Salmonella typhimurium
DOSE/DURATION : 6 mmol/L/2H
REFERENCE :
CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut
Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941- Volume(issue)/page/year:
39,4152,1979
TYPE OF TEST : Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction
TEST SYSTEM : Yeast - Saccharomyces cerevisiae
DOSE/DURATION : 10900 ppm
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 163,23,1986
*** REVIEWS ***
ACGIH TLV-TWA 16 mg/m3 (5 ppm)
DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices
(BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year:
TLV/BEI,1997
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
PAREAQ Pharmacological Reviews. (Williams & Wilkins, 428 E. Preston St.,
Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1949- Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,1,1952
*** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS ***
MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 5 ppm (15 mg/m3)
DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices
(BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year:
3,220,1971
OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 5 ppm (15 mg/m3)
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year:
29,1910.1000,1994
OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 5 ppm (15 mg/m3)
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year:
29,1926.55,1994
OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 5 ppm (15 mg/m3)
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year:
29,1915.1000,1993
OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 5 ppm (15 mg/m3)
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year:
41,50-204.50,1994
*** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS ***
OEL-ARAB Republic of Egypt:TWA 5 ppm (15 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 5 ppm (15 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 5 ppm (16 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-DENMARK:TWA 5 ppm (15 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-FINLAND:TWA 5 ppm (15 mg/m3);STEL 10 ppm (30 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993
OEL-FRANCE:TWA 5 ppm (15 mg/m3);STEL 10 ppm (30 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-GERMANY:TWA 5 ppm (15 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-HUNGARY:TWA 5 mg/m3;STEL 10 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993
OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 5 ppm (15 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 5 mg/m3 JAN 1993
OEL-POLAND:TWA 5 mg/m3 JAN 1993
OEL-RUSSIA:STEL 5 mg/m3 JAN 1993
OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 5 ppm (16 mg/m3);STEL 10 ppm (35 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 5 ppm (15 mg/m3);STEL 10 ppm (30 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-TURKEY:TWA 5 ppm (15 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 5 ppm (15 mg/m3);STEL 10 ppm (30 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV
OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV
*** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA ***
NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) :
NIOSH REL TO PYRIDINE-air:10H TWA 5 ppm
REFERENCE :
NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of
Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda.
Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992
NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA :
NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974)
NOHS Hazard Code - 65080
No. of Facilities: 1103 (estimated)
No. of Industries: 22
No. of Occupations: 18
No. of Employees: 29286 (estimated)
NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983)
NOES Hazard Code - 65080
No. of Facilities: 1558 (estimated)
No. of Industries: 32
No. of Occupations: 42
No. of Employees: 42908 (estimated)
No. of Female Employees: 10568 (estimated)
*** STATUS IN U.S. ***
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive/dose response: In vitro SCE-nonhuman
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA 8(a) PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT INFORMATION, FINAL RULE
FEREAC Federal Register. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of
Documents, Washington, DC 20402) V.1- 1936- Volume(issue)/page/year:
47,26992,82
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
On EPA IRIS database
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JUNE 1998
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Pyridine, 1613
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1996: Pyridine, 1613
NTP Carcinogenesis studies; on test (two year studies), October 1997
NTP Carcinogenesis studies; on test (prechronic studies), October 1997
*** END OF RECORD ***