Chromatographic Columns
The following list of packings (L), phases (G), and supports (S) is intended to be a convenient reference for the chromatographer. [Note—Particle sizes given in this listing are those generally provided. Where other, usually finer, sizes are required, the individual monograph specifies the desired particle size. Within any category of packings or phases listed below, there may be a wide range of columns available. Where it is necessary to define more specifically the chromatographic conditions, the individual monograph so indicates. ]
Packings
Change to read:
L1 —Octadecyl silane chemically bonded to porous or nonporousUSP35 silica or ceramic microparticles, 1.5 to 10 µm in diameter, or a monolithic silica rod.
L2 —Octadecyl silane chemically bonded to silica gel of a controlled surface porosity that has been bonded to a solid spherical core, 30 to 50 µm in diameter.
L3 —Porous silica particles, 1.5 to 10 µm in diameter, or a monolithic silica rod.
L4 —Silica gel of controlled surface porosity bonded to a solid spherical core, 30 to 50 µm in diameter.
L5 —Alumina of controlled surface porosity bonded to a solid spherical core, 30 to 50 µm in diameter.
L6 —Strong cation-exchange packing–sulfonated fluorocarbon polymer coated on a solid spherical core, 30 to 50 µm in diameter.
L7 —Octylsilane chemically bonded to totally porous silica particles, 1.5 to 10 µm in diameter, or a monolithic silica rod.
L8 —An essentially monomolecular layer of aminopropylsilane chemically bonded to totally porous silica gel support, 3 to 10 µm in diameter.
L9 —Irregular or spherical, totally porous silica gel having a chemically bonded, strongly acidic cation-exchange coating, 3 to 10 µm in diameter.
L10 —Nitrile groups chemically bonded to porous silica particles, 3 to 10 µm in diameter.
L11 —Phenyl groups chemically bonded to porous silica particles, 1.5 to 10 µm in diameter.
L12 —A strong anion-exchange packing made by chemically bonding a quaternary amine to a solid silica spherical core, 30 to 50 µm in diameter.
L13 —Trimethylsilane chemically bonded to porous silica particles, 3 to 10 µm in diameter.
L14 —Silica gel having a chemically bonded, strongly basic quaternary ammonium anion-exchange coating, 5 to 10 µm in diameter.
L15 —Hexylsilane chemically bonded to totally porous silica particles, 3 to 10 µm in diameter.
L16 —Dimethylsilane chemically bonded to porous silica particles, 5 to 10 µm in diameter.
Change to read:
L17 —Strong cation-exchange resin consisting of sulfonated cross-linked styrene–divinylbenzene copolymer in the hydrogen form, 6 to 12 µmUSP35 in diameter.
L18 —Amino and cyano groups chemically bonded to porous silica particles, 3 to 10 µm in diameter.
L19 —Strong cation-exchange resin consisting of sulfonated cross-linked styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer in the calcium form, about 9 µm in diameter.
Change to read:
L20 —Dihydroxypropane groups chemically bonded to porous silica or hybridUSP35 particles, 1.5 to 10 µmUSP35 in diameter.
L21 —A rigid, spherical styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer 3 to 10 µm in diameter.
L22 —A cation-exchange resin made of porous polystyrene gel with sulfonic acid groups, about 10 µm in size.
Change to read:
L23 —An anion-exchange resin made of porous polymethacrylate or polyacrylate gel with quaternary ammonium groups, 7–12USP35 µm in size.
L24 —A semi-rigid hydrophilic gel consisting of vinyl polymers with numerous hydroxyl groups on the matrix surface, 32 to 63 µm in diameter. [Note—Available as YMC-Pack PVA-SIL manufactured by YMC Co., Ltd. and distributed by Waters Corp. (www.waters.com). ]
L25 —Packing having the capacity to separate compounds with a molecular weight range from 100–5000 (as determined by polyethylene oxide), applied to neutral, anionic, and cationic water-soluble polymers. A polymethacrylate resin base, cross-linked with polyhydroxylated ether (surface contained some residual carboxyl functional groups) was found suitable.
L26 —Butyl silane chemically bonded to totally porous silica particles, 1.5 to 10 µm in diameter.
L27 —Porous silica particles, 30 to 50 µm in diameter.
L28 —A multifunctional support, which consists of a high purity, 100 , spherical silica substrate that has been bonded with anionic exchanger, amine functionality in addition to a conventional reversed phase C8 functionality.
L29 —Gamma alumina, reverse-phase, low carbon percentage by weight, alumina-based polybutadiene spherical particles, 5 µm in diameter with a pore volume of 80 .
L30 —Ethyl silane chemically bonded to totally porous silica particles, 3 to 10 µm in diameter.
L31 —A hydroxide-selective, strong anion-exchange resin-quaternary amine bonded on latex particles attached to a core of 8.5-µm macroporous particles having a pore size of 2000 and consisting of ethylvinylbenzene cross-linked with 55% divinylbenzene.
L32 —A chiral ligand-exchange packing–l-proline copper complex covalently bonded to irregularly shaped silica particles, 5 to 10 µm in diameter.
L33 —Packing having the capacity to separate dextrans by molecular size over a range of 4,000 to 500,000 Da. It is spherical, silica-based, and processed to provide pH stability. [Note—Available as TSK-GEL G4000SWxl from Tosoh Bioscience (www.tosohbioscience.com). ]
Change to read:
L34 —Strong cation-exchange resin consisting of sulfonated cross-linked styrene–divinylbenzene copolymer in the lead form, 7 to 9 µmUSP35 in diameter.
L35 —A zirconium-stabilized spherical silica packing with a hydrophilic (diol-type) molecular monolayer bonded phase having a pore size of 150 .
L36 —A 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl derivative of l-phenylglycine covalently bonded to 5-µm aminopropyl silica.
L37 —Packing having the capacity to separate proteins by molecular size over a range of 2,000 to 40,000 Da. It is a polymethacrylate gel.
L38 —A methacrylate-based size-exclusion packing for water-soluble samples.
L39 —A hydrophilic polyhydroxymethacrylate gel of totally porous spherical resin.
L40 —Cellulose tris-3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate coated porous silica particles, 5 to 20 µm in diameter.
L41 —Immobilized 1-acid glycoprotein on spherical silica particles, 5 µm in diameter.
L42 —Octylsilane and octadecylsilane groups chemically bonded to porous silica particles, 5 µm in diameter.
L43 —Pentafluorophenyl groups chemically bonded to silica particles by a propyl spacer, 5 to 10 µm in diameter.
L44 —A multifunctional support, which consists of a high purity, 60 , spherical silica substrate that has been bonded with a cationic exchanger, sulfonic acid functionality in addition to a conventional reversed phase C8 functionality.
L45 —Beta cyclodextrin bonded to porous silica particles, 5 to 10 µm in diameter.
L46 —Polystyrene/divinylbenzene substrate agglomerated with quaternary amine functionalized latex beads, about 9 to 11 µm in diameter.
L47 —High-capacity anion-exchange microporous substrate, fully functionalized with trimethlyamine groups, 8 µm in diameter. [Note—Available as CarboPac MA1 and distributed by Dionex Corp. (www.dionex.com). ]
L48 —Sulfonated, cross-linked polystyrene with an outer layer of submicron, porous, anion-exchange microbeads, 10 to 15 µm in diameter.
L49 —A reversed-phase packing made by coating a thin layer of polybutadiene onto spherical porous zirconia particles, 3 to 10 µm in diameter. [Note—Available as Zirchrom PBD from www.zirchrom.com. ]
L50 —Multifunction resin with reversed-phase retention and strong anion-exchange functionalities. The resin consists of ethylvinylbenzene, 55% cross-linked with divinylbenzene copolymer, 3 to 15 µm in diameter, and a surface area not less than 350 m2 per g. Substrate is coated with quaternary ammonium functionalized latex particles consisting of styrene cross-linked with divinylbenzene. [Note—Available as OmniPac PAX-500 and distributed by Dionex Corp. (www.dionex.com). ]
L51 —Amylose tris-3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate-coated, porous, spherical, silica particles, 5 to 10 µm in diameter. [Note—Available as Chiralpak AD from Chiral Technologies, Inc., (www.chiraltech.com). ]
L52 —A strong cation-exchange resin made of porous silica with sulfopropyl groups, 5 to 10 µm in diameter. [Note—Available as TSK-GEL IC-Cation-SW from Tosoh Bioscience (www.tosohbioscience.com). ]
L53 —Weak cation-exchange resin consisting of ethylvinylbenzene, 55% cross-linked with divinylbenzene copolymer, 3 to 15 µm diameter. Substrate is surface grafted with carboxylic acid and/or phosphoric acid functionalized monomers. Capacity not less than 500 µEq/column. [Note—Available as IonPac CS14 distributed by Dionex Corp. (www.dionex.com). ]
L54 —A size exclusion medium made of covalent bonding of dextran to highly cross-linked porous agarose beads, about 13 µm in diameter.
[Note—Available as Superdex Peptide HR 10/30 from www.gelifesciences.com. ]
L55 —A strong cation-exchange resin made of porous silica coated with polybutadiene–maleic acid copolymer, about 5 µm in diameter. [Note—Available as IC-Pak C M/D from Waters Corp. (www.waters.com). ]
L56 —Propyl silane chemically bonded to totally porous silica particles, 3 to 10 µm in diameter. [Note—Available as Zorbax SB-C3 from Agilent Technologies (www.agilent.com/chem). ]
L57 —A chiral-recognition protein, ovomucoid, chemically bonded to silica particles, about 5 µm in diameter, with a pore size of 120 . [Note—Available as Ultron ES-OVM from Agilent Technologies (www.agilent.com/chem). ]
L58 —Strong cation-exchange resin consisting of sulfonated cross-linked styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer in the sodium form, about 6 to 30 µm in diameter. [Note—Available as Aminex HPX-87N from Bio-Rad Laboratories, (2000/01 catalog, #125-0143) www.bio-rad.com. ]
Change to read:
L59 Packing for the size-exclusion separation of proteins (separation by molecular weight) over the range of 5 to 7000 kDa. The packing is a spherical 1.5- to 10-µm silica or hybrid packing with a hydrophilic coating.USP35
L60 —Spherical, porous silica gel, 10 µm or less in diameter, the surface of which has been covalently modified with alkyl amide groups and endcapped. [Note—Available as Supelcosil LC-ABZ from Supelco (www.sigmaaldrich.com/supelco). ]
L61 —A hydroxide selective strong anion-exchange resin consisting of a highly cross-linked core of 13-µm microporous particles having a pore size less than 10 units and consisting of ethylvinylbenzene cross-linked with 55% divinylbenzene with a latex coating composed of 85-nm diameter microbeads bonded with alkanol quaternary ammonium ions (6%). [Note—Available as Ion Pac AS-11 and AG-11 from Dionex (www.dionex.com). ]
L62 —C30 silane bonded phase on a fully porous spherical silica, 3 to 15 µm in diameter.
L63 —Glycopeptide teicoplanin linked through multiple covalent bonds to a 100- units spherical silica. [Note—Available as Astec Chirobiotic T from Supelco (www.sigmaaldrich.com). ]
L64 —Strongly basic anion-exchange resin consisting of 8% cross-linked styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer with a quaternary ammonium group in the chloride form, 45 to 180 µm in diameter. [Note—A suitable grade is available as AG 1-X8 resin chloride form from www.discover.bio-rad.com. ]
L65 —Strongly acidic cation-exchange resin consisting of 8% sulfonated cross-linked styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer with a sulfonic acid group in the hydrogen form, 45 to 250 µm in diameter. [Note—A suitable grade is available as AG 50W-X2 resin hydrogen form from www.discover.bio-rad.com. ]
L66 —A crown ether coated on a 5-µm particle size silica gel substrate. The active site is (S)-18-crown-6-ether. [Note—Available as Crownpak CR(+) from Daicel (www.daicel.com). ]
L67 —Porous vinyl alcohol copolymer with a C18 alkyl group attached to the hydroxyl group of the polymer, 2 to 10 µm in diameter. [Note—Available as apHera C18 from Supelco (www.sigmaaldrich.com). ]
L68 —Spherical, porous silica, 10 µm or less in diameter, the surface of which has been covalently modified with alkyl amide groups and not endcapped. [Note—Available as SUPELCOSIL SUPLEX pKb-100 from Supelco (www.sigmaaldrich.com). ]
L69 —Ethylvinylbenzene/divinylbenzene substrate agglomerated with quaternary amine functionalized 130-nm latex beads, about 6.5 µm in diameter. [Note—Available as CarboPac PA20 from www.dionex.com. ]
L70 —Cellulose tris(phenyl carbamate) coated on 5-µm silica. [Note—Available as Chiralcel OC-H from www.chiraltech.com. ]
L71 —A rigid, spherical polymetacrylate, 4 to 6 µm in diameter. [Note—Available as RSpak DE-613 from www.shodex.com. ]
L72 —(R)-phenylglycine and 3,5-dinitroanaline urea linkage covalently bonded to silica. [Note—Available as Sumichiral OA-3300, distributed by www.phenomenex.com. ]
L73 —A rigid spherical polydivinylbenzene particle, 5 to 10 µm in diameter. [Note—Available as Jordi-Gel DBV from www.jordiflp.com. ]
L74 —a strong anion-exchange resin consisting of a highly cross-linked core of 7- µm macroporous particles having a 100- average pore size and consisting of ethylvinylbenzene cross-linked with 55% divinylbenzene and an anion-exchange layer grafted to the surface, which is functionalized with alkyl quaternary ammonium ions. [Note—Available as IonPac AS14A from Dionex (www.dionex.com). [Note—Available as IonPac AS14A from Dionex (www.dionex.com). ] ]
L75 —A chiral-recognition protein, bovine serum albumine (BSA), chemically bonded to silica particles, about 7 µm in diameter, with a pore size of 300 .
Phases
G1 —Dimethylpolysiloxane oil.
G2 —Dimethylpolysiloxane gum.
G3 —50% Phenyl-50% methylpolysiloxane.
G4 —Diethylene glycol succinate polyester.
G5 —3-Cyanopropylpolysiloxane.
G6 —Trifluoropropylmethylpolysiloxane.
G7 —50% 3-Cyanopropyl-50% phenylmethylsilicone.
G8 —80% Bis(3-cyanopropyl)-20% 3-cyanopropylphenylpoly-siloxane (percentages refer to molar substitution).
G9 —Methylvinylpolysiloxane.
G10 —Polyamide formed by reacting a C36 dicarboxylic acid with 1,3-di-4-piperidylpropane and piperidine in the respective mole ratios of 1.00:0.90:0.20.
G11 —Bis(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate polyester.
G12 —Phenyldiethanolamine succinate polyester.
G13 —Sorbitol.
G14 —Polyethylene glycol (av. mol. wt. of 950 to 1050).
G15 —Polyethylene glycol (av. mol. wt. of 3000 to 3700).
G16 —Polyethylene glycol compound (av. mol. wt. about 15,000). A high molecular weight compound of polyethylene glycol with a diepoxide linker. [Note—Available commercially as Polyethylene Glycol Compound 20M, or as Carbowax 20M, from suppliers of chromatographic reagents. ]
G17 —75% Phenyl-25% methylpolysiloxane.
G18 —Polyalkylene glycol.
G19 —25% Phenyl-25% cyanopropyl-50% methylsilicone.
G20 —Polyethylene glycol (av. mol. wt. of 380 to 420).
G21 —Neopentyl glycol succinate.
G22 —Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate.
G23 —Polyethylene glycol adipate.
G24 —Diisodecyl phthalate.
G25 —Polyethylene glycol compound TPA. A high molecular weight compound of a polyethylene glycol and a diepoxide that is esterified with terephthalic acid.
[Note—Available commercially as Carbowax 20M-TPA from suppliers of chromatographic reagents. ]
G26 —25% 2-Cyanoethyl-75% methylpolysiloxane.
G27 —5% Phenyl-95% methylpolysiloxane.
G28 —25% Phenyl-75% methylpolysiloxane.
G29 —3,3¢-Thiodipropionitrile.
G30 —Tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether.
G31 —Nonylphenoxypoly(ethyleneoxy)ethanol (av. ethyleneoxy chain length is 30); Nonoxynol 30.
G32 —20% Phenylmethyl-80% dimethylpolysiloxane.
G33 —20% Carborane-80% methylsilicone.
G34 —Diethylene glycol succinate polyester stabilized with phosphoric acid.
G35 —A high molecular weight compound of a polyethylene glycol and a diepoxide that is esterified with nitroterephthalic acid.
G36 —1% Vinyl-5% phenylmethylpolysiloxane.
G37 —Polyimide.
G38 —Phase G1 containing a small percentage of a tailing inhibitor.
[Note—A suitable grade is available commercially as “SP2100/0.1% Carbowax 1500” from Supelco, Inc. (www.sigmaaldrich.com/supelco). ]
G39 —Polyethylene glycol (av. mol. wt. about 1500).
G40 —Ethylene glycol adipate.
G41 —Phenylmethyldimethylsilicone (10% phenyl-substituted).
G42 —35% phenyl-65% dimethylpolysiloxane (percentages refer to molar substitution).
G43 —6% cyanopropylphenyl-94% dimethylpolysiloxane (percentages refer to molar substitution).
G44 —2% low molecular weight petrolatum hydrocarbon grease and 1% solution of potassium hydroxide.
G45 —Divinylbenzene-ethylene glycol-dimethylacrylate.
G46 —14% Cyanopropylphenyl-86% methylpolysiloxane.
G47 —Polyethylene glycol (av. mol. wt. of about 8000).
G48 —Highly polar, partially cross-linked cyanopolysiloxane.
Supports
[Note—Unless otherwise specified, mesh sizes of 80 to 100 or, alternatively, 100 to 120 are intended. ]
S1A —Siliceous earth for gas chromatography has been flux-calcined by mixing diatomite with Na2CO3 flux and calcining above 900. The siliceous earth is acid-washed, then water-washed until neutral, but not base-washed. The siliceous earth may be silanized by treating with an agent such as dimethyldichlorosilane [Note—Unless otherwise specified in the individual monograph, silanized support is intended. ] to mask surface silanol groups.
S1AB —The siliceous earth as described above is both acid- and base-washed. [Note—Unless otherwise specified in the individual monograph, silanized support is intended. ]
S1C —A support prepared from crushed firebrick and calcined or burned with a clay binder above 900 with subsequent acid-wash. It may be silanized.
S1NS —The siliceous earth is untreated.
S2 —Styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer having a nominal surface area of less than 50 m2 per g and an average pore diameter of 0.3 to 0.4 µm.
S3 —Copolymer of ethylvinylbenzene and divinylbenzene having a nominal surface area of 500 to 600 m2 per g and an average pore diameter of 0.0075 µm.
S4 —Styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer with aromatic –O and –N groups, having a nominal surface area of 400 to 600 m2 per g and an average pore diameter of 0.0076 µm.
S5 —40- to 60-mesh, high-molecular weight tetrafluorethylene polymer.
S6 —Styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer having a nominal surface area of 250 to 350 m2 per g and an average pore diameter of 0.0091 µm.
S7 —Graphitized carbon having a nominal surface area of 12 m2 per g.
S8 —Copolymer of 4-vinyl-pyridine and styrene-divinylbenzene.
S9 —A porous polymer based on 2,6-diphenyl-p-phenylene oxide.
S10 —A highly polar cross-linked copolymer of acrylonitrite and divinylbenzene.
S11 —Graphitized carbon having a nominal surface area of 100 m2 per g modified with small amounts of petrolatum and polyethylene glycol compound.
S12 —Graphitized carbon having a nominal surface area of 100 m2 per g.