Paclitaxel: White to off-white powder. Soluble in alcohol; insoluble in water.
Padimate O: A light yellow, mobile liquid having a faint, aromatic odor. Soluble in alcohol, in isopropyl alcohol, and in mineral oil; practically insoluble in water, in glycerin, and in propylene glycol.
Palm Oil: White to yellowish, fatty solid to semisolid. Insoluble in water. NF category: Coating agent; emulsifying and/or solubilizing agent.
Palm Kernel Oil: White to yellowish, fatty solid. Insoluble in water. NF category: Coating agent; emulsifying and/or solubilizing agent.
Hydrogenated Palm Oil: White to yellowish, fatty solid to semi-solid. Freely soluble in ether; very slightly soluble in alcohol; practically insoluble in water. NF category: Coating agent; tablet binder; tablet and/or capsule lubricant.
Palmitic Acid: Hard, white or faintly yellow, somewhat glossy crystalline solid, or white or yellowish-white powder. It has a slight characteristic odor and taste. Soluble in alcohol, in ether, and in chloroform; practically insoluble in water.
Pamidronate Disodium: White, crystalline powder. Soluble in water and in 2 N sodium hydroxide; sparingly soluble in 0.1 N hydrochloric acid and in 0.1 N acetic acid; practically insoluble in organic solvents.
Pancreatin: Cream-colored, amorphous powder, having a faint, characteristic, but not offensive odor. It hydrolyzes fats to glycerol and fatty acids, changes protein into proteoses and derived substances, and converts starch into dextrins and sugars. Its greatest activities are in neutral or faintly alkaline media; more than traces of mineral acids or large amounts of alkali hydroxides make it inert. An excess of alkali carbonate also inhibits its action.
Pancrelipase: Cream-colored, amorphous powder, having a faint, characteristic, but not offensive odor. Pancrelipase hydrolyzes fats to glycerol and fatty acids, changes protein into proteoses and derived substances, and converts starch into dextrins and sugars. Its greatest activities are in neutral or faintly alkaline media; more than traces of mineral acids or large amounts of alkali hydroxides make it inert. An excess of alkali carbonate also inhibits its action.
Pancrelipase Capsules: The contents of Capsules conform to the Description under Pancrelipase, except that the odor may vary with the flavoring agent used.
Pancuronium Bromide: White, yellowish-white, or slightly pink, crystalline powder. Is hygroscopic. Freely soluble in water, in methylene chloride, and in alcohol.
Panthenol: White to creamy white, crystalline powder having a slight, characteristic odor. Freely soluble in water, in alcohol, and in propylene glycol; soluble in chloroform and in ether; slightly soluble in glycerin.
Pantoprazole Sodium: White to off-white powder. Freely soluble in water, in methanol, and in dehydrated alcohol; practically insoluble in hexane and in dichloromethane.
Papain: White to light tan, amorphous powder. Soluble in water, the solution being colorless to light yellow and more or less opalescent; practically insoluble in alcohol, in chloroform, and in ether.
Papaverine Hydrochloride: White crystals or white, crystalline powder. Is odorless, and has a slightly bitter taste. Is optically inactive. Its solutions are acid to litmus. Melts at about 220, with decomposition. Soluble in water and in chloroform; slightly soluble in alcohol; practically insoluble in ether.
Parachlorophenol: White or pink crystals having a characteristic phenolic odor. When undiluted, it whitens and cauterizes the skin and mucous membranes. Melts at about 42. Very soluble in alcohol, in glycerin, in chloroform, in ether, and in fixed and volatile oils; soluble in petrolatum; sparingly soluble in water and in liquid petrolatum.
Paraffin: Colorless or white, more or less translucent mass showing a crystalline structure. Is odorless and tasteless, and is slightly greasy to the touch. Freely soluble in chloroform, in ether, in volatile oils, and in most warm fixed oils; slightly soluble in dehydrated alcohol; insoluble in water and in alcohol. NF category: Stiffening agent.
Synthetic Paraffin: Very hard, white, practically tasteless and odorless wax. Contains mostly long-chain, unbranched, saturated hydrocarbons, with a small amount of branched hydrocarbons. Is represented by the formula CnH2n2, in which n may range from 20 to about 100. The average molecular weight may range from 400 to 1400. Slightly soluble in aromatic and normal paraffinic solvents; very slightly soluble in aliphatic, oxygenated, and halogenated hydrocarbon solvents; insoluble in water. NF category: Stiffening agent.
Paraldehyde: Colorless, transparent liquid. Has a strong, characteristic but not unpleasant or pungent odor, and a disagreeable taste. Specific gravity is about 0.99. Soluble in water, but less soluble in boiling water. Miscible with alcohol, with chloroform, with ether, and with volatile oils.
Paricalcitol: White to almost white powder. Soluble in alcohol; insoluble in water.
Paromomycin Sulfate: Creamy white to light yellow powder. Is odorless or practically odorless, and is very hygroscopic. Very soluble in water; insoluble in alcohol, in chloroform, and in ether.
Paroxetine Hydrochloride: White to off-white solid. Soluble in methanol and in alcohol; slightly soluble in water.
Peanut Oil: Colorless or pale yellow, oily liquid with a bland taste. May have a characteristic, nutty odor. Very slightly soluble in alcohol. Miscible with ether, with chloroform, and with carbon disulfide. Specific gravity 841: Between 0.912 and 0.920. Refractive index 831: Between 1.462 and 1.464 at 40. NF category: Solvent; vehicle (oleaginous).
Pectin: Coarse or fine powder, yellowish-white in color, almost odorless, and having a mucilaginous taste. Soluble in 20 parts of water, forming a viscous, opalescent, colloidal solution that flows readily and is acid to litmus; practically insoluble in alcohol or in diluted alcohol and in other organic solvents. Pectin dissolves in water more readily if first moistened with alcohol, glycerin, or simple syrup, or if first mixed with 3 or more parts of sucrose. NF category: Suspending and/or viscosity-increasing agent.
Penbutolol Sulfate: White to off-white, crystalline powder. Melts at about 217, with decomposition. Soluble in water and in methanol.
Penicillamine: White or practically white, crystalline powder, having a slight, characteristic odor. Freely soluble in water; slightly soluble in alcohol; insoluble in chloroform and in ether.
Penicillin G Benzathine: White, odorless, crystalline powder. Sparingly soluble in alcohol; very slightly soluble in water.
Penicillin G Potassium: Colorless or white crystals, or white, crystalline powder. Is odorless or practically so, and is moderately hygroscopic. Its solutions are dextrorotatory. Its solutions retain substantially full potency for several days at temperatures below 15, but are rapidly inactivated by acids, by alkali hydroxides, by glycerin, and by oxidizing agents. Very soluble in water, in saline TS, and in dextrose solutions; sparingly soluble in alcohol.
Penicillin G Procaine: White crystals or white, very fine, microcrystalline powder. Is odorless or practically odorless, and is relatively stable in air. Its solutions are dextrorotatory. Is rapidly inactivated by acids, by alkali hydroxides, and by oxidizing agents. Soluble in alcohol and in chloroform; slightly soluble in water.
Penicillin G Sodium: Colorless or white crystals or white to slightly yellow, crystalline powder. Is odorless or practically odorless, and is moderately hygroscopic. Its solutions are dextrorotatory. Is relatively stable in air, but is inactivated by prolonged heating at about 100, especially in the presence of moisture. Its solutions lose potency fairly rapidly at room temperature, but retain substantially full potency for several days at temperatures below 15. Its solutions are rapidly inactivated by acids, by alkali hydroxides, by oxidizing agents, and by penicillinase.
Penicillin V: White, odorless, crystalline powder. Freely soluble in alcohol and in acetone; very slightly soluble in water; insoluble in fixed oils.
Penicillin V Benzathine: Practically white powder, having a characteristic odor. Sparingly soluble in chloroform; slightly soluble in alcohol and in ether; very slightly soluble in water.
Penicillin V Potassium: White, odorless, crystalline powder. Very soluble in water; slightly soluble in alcohol; insoluble in acetone.
Pentamidine Isethionate: White or almost white powder or colorless crystals, hygroscopic. Freely soluble in water; sparingly soluble in alcohol; practically insoluble in methylene chloride.
Pentazocine: White or very pale, tan-colored powder. Freely soluble in chloroform; soluble in alcohol, in acetone, and in ether; sparingly soluble in benzene and in ethyl acetate; practically insoluble in water.
Pentazocine Hydrochloride: White, crystalline powder. It exhibits polymorphism, one form melting at about 254 and the other at about 218. Freely soluble in chloroform; soluble in alcohol; sparingly soluble in water; very slightly soluble in acetone and in ether; practically insoluble in benzene.
Pentetic Acid: White, odorless or almost odorless powder. Melts with foaming and degradation at 220.
Pentobarbital: White to practically white, fine, practically odorless powder. May occur in a polymorphic form that melts at about 116. This form gradually reverts to the more stable higher-melting form upon being heated at about 110. Very soluble in alcohol, in methanol, in ether, in chloroform, and in acetone; soluble in benzene; very slightly soluble in water and in carbon tetrachloride.
Pentobarbital Sodium: White, crystalline granules or white powder. Is odorless or has a slight characteristic odor, and has a slightly bitter taste. Its solutions decompose on standing, heat accelerating the decomposition. Very soluble in water; freely soluble in alcohol; practically insoluble in ether.
Pentoxifylline: White to almost white crystalline powder. Freely soluble in chloroform and in methanol; soluble in water; sparingly soluble in alcohol; slightly soluble in ether.
Peppermint: Has an aromatic, characteristic odor and a pungent taste, and produces a cooling sensation in the mouth. NF category: Flavors and perfumes.
Peppermint Oil: Colorless or pale yellow liquid, having a strong, penetrating, characteristic odor and a pungent taste, followed by a sensation of cold when air is drawn into the mouth. NF category: Flavors and perfumes.
Peppermint Spirit: A clear, colorless liquid with a peppermint fragrance. Freely soluble in methanol and in diethyl ether; soluble in water. NF category: Flavors and perfumes.
Peppermint Water: NF category: Vehicle (flavored and/or sweetened).
Perflubron: Clear, colorless, practically odorless liquid.
Pergolide Mesylate: White to off-white powder. Sparingly soluble in methanol; slightly soluble in water, in dehydrated alcohol, and in chloroform; very slightly soluble in acetone; practically insoluble in ether.
Perphenazine: White to creamy white, odorless powder. Freely soluble in alcohol and in chloroform; soluble in acetone; practically insoluble in water.
Pertussis Immune Globulin: Transparent or slightly opalescent liquid, practically colorless, free from turbidity or particles, and practically odorless. May develop a slight, granular deposit during storage. Is standardized for agglutinating activity with the U.S. Standard Antipertussis Serum.
Petrolatum: Unctuous yellowish to light amber mass, having not more than a slight fluorescence even after being melted. Is transparent in thin layers. Is free or practically free from odor and taste. Freely soluble in benzene, in carbon disulfide, in chloroform, and in turpentine oil; soluble in ether, in solvent hexane, and in most fixed and volatile oils; practically insoluble in cold and hot alcohol and in cold dehydrated alcohol; insoluble in water. NF category: Ointment base.
Hydrophilic Petrolatum: NF category: Ointment base.
White Petrolatum: White or faintly yellowish, unctuous mass, transparent in thin layers even after cooling to 0. Freely soluble in benzene, in carbon disulfide, and in chloroform; soluble in ether, in solvent hexane, and in most fixed and volatile oils; slightly soluble in cold or hot alcohol, and in cold dehydrated alcohol; insoluble in water. NF category: Ointment base.
Phenazopyridine Hydrochloride: Light or dark red to dark violet, crystalline powder. Is odorless, or has a slight odor. Melts at about 235, with decomposition. Slightly soluble in water, in alcohol, and in chloroform.
Phendimetrazine Tartrate: White, odorless, crystalline powder. Freely soluble in water; sparingly soluble in warm alcohol; insoluble in chloroform, in acetone, in ether, and in benzene. Phendimetrazine base is extracted by organic solvents from alkaline solution.
Phenelzine Sulfate: White to yellowish white powder, having a characteristic odor. Freely soluble in water; practically insoluble in alcohol, in chloroform, and in ether.
Pheniramine Maleate: White, crystalline powder having a faint amine-like odor. Soluble in water and in alcohol.
Phenmetrazine Hydrochloride: White to off-white, crystalline powder. Very soluble in water; freely soluble in alcohol and in chloroform.
Phenobarbital: White, odorless, glistening, small crystals, or white, crystalline powder, which may exhibit polymorphism. Is stable in air. Its saturated solution has a pH of about 5. Soluble in alcohol, in ether, and in solutions of fixed alkali hydroxides and carbonates; sparingly soluble in chloroform; very slightly soluble in water.
Phenobarbital Sodium: Flaky crystals, or white, crystalline granules, or white powder. Is odorless, has a bitter taste, and is hygroscopic. Its solutions are alkaline to phenolphthalein TS, and decompose on standing. Very soluble in water; soluble in alcohol; practically insoluble in ether and in chloroform.
Phenol: Colorless to light pink, interlaced or separate, needle-shaped crystals, or white to light pink, crystalline mass. Has a characteristic odor. Is liquefied by warming and by the addition of 10% of water. Boils at about 182, and its vapor is flammable. Gradually darkens on exposure to light and air. Very soluble in alcohol, in glycerin, in chloroform, in ether, and in fixed and volatile oils; soluble in water; sparingly soluble in mineral oil. NF category: Antimicrobial preservative.
Liquefied Phenol: Colorless to pink liquid, which may develop a red tint upon exposure to air or light. Has a characteristic, somewhat aromatic odor. It whitens and cauterizes the skin and mucous membranes. Specific gravity is about 1.065. Miscible with alcohol, with ether, and with glycerin. A mixture of equal volumes of Liquefied Phenol and glycerin is miscible with water.
Camphorated Phenol Topical Gel: Clear, colorless, oily gel.
Phenolsulfonphthalein: A bright-red to dark-red, crystalline powder. Slightly soluble in alcohol; very slightly soluble in water.
Phenoxyethanol: A colorless, slightly viscous liquid. Slightly soluble in water, in peanut oil, and in olive oil. Miscible with acetone, with alcohol, and with glycerol. NF category: Antimicrobial preservative.
Phensuximide: White to off-white, crystalline powder. Is odorless, or has not more than a slight odor. Very soluble in chloroform; soluble in alcohol; slightly soluble in water.
Phentermine Hydrochloride: White, odorless, hygroscopic, crystalline powder. Soluble in water and in the lower alcohols; slightly soluble in chloroform; insoluble in ether.
Phentolamine Mesylate: White or off-white, odorless, crystalline powder. Its solutions are acid to litmus, having a pH of about 5, and slowly deteriorate. Melts at about 178. Freely soluble in water and in alcohol; slightly soluble in chloroform.
Phenylalanine: White, odorless crystals, having a slightly bitter taste. Sparingly soluble in water; very slightly soluble in methanol, in alcohol, and in dilute mineral acids.
Phenylbenzimidazole Sulfonic Acid: White to ivory-colored, odorless powder. Soluble in alcohol; practically insoluble in oily solvents and in water. Its salts are freely soluble in water.
Phenylbutazone: White to off-white, odorless, crystalline powder. Freely soluble in acetone and in ether; soluble in alcohol; very slightly soluble in water.
Phenylephrine Bitartrate: White or almost white powder or colorless crystals. Freely soluble in water.
Phenylephrine Hydrochloride: White or practically white, odorless crystals, having a bitter taste. Freely soluble in water and in alcohol.
Phenylephrine Hydrochloride Nasal Solution: Clear, colorless or slightly yellow, odorless liquid. Is neutral or acid to litmus.
Phenylephrine Hydrochloride Ophthalmic Solution: Clear, colorless or slightly yellow liquid, depending on the concentration.
Phenylethyl Alcohol: Colorless liquid, having a rose-like odor and a sharp, burning taste. Very soluble in alcohol, in fixed oils, in glycerin, and in propylene glycol; sparingly soluble in water; slightly soluble in mineral oil. NF category: Antimicrobial preservative.
Phenylmercuric Acetate: White to creamy white, crystalline powder, or small white prisms or leaflets. Is odorless. Soluble in alcohol and in acetone; slightly soluble in water. NF category: Antimicrobial preservative.
Phenylmercuric Nitrate: White, crystalline powder. Is affected by light. Its saturated solution is acid to litmus. Slightly soluble in alcohol and in glycerin; very slightly soluble in water. It is more soluble in the presence of either nitric acid or alkali hydroxides. NF category: Antimicrobial preservative.
Phenylpropanolamine Bitartrate: White, crystalline powder.
Phenylpropanolamine Hydrochloride: White, crystalline powder, having a slight aromatic odor. Is affected by light. Freely soluble in water and in alcohol; insoluble in ether.
Phenyltoloxamine Citrate: White, crystalline powder. Very soluble in boiling water; slightly soluble in cold water and in alcohol; practically insoluble in cold acetone, in ethyl ether, and in toluene.
Phenytoin: White, odorless powder. Melts at about 295. Soluble in hot alcohol; slightly soluble in cold alcohol, in chloroform, and in ether; practically insoluble in water.
Phenytoin Sodium: White, odorless powder. Is somewhat hygroscopic and on exposure to air gradually absorbs carbon dioxide. Freely soluble in water, the solution usually being somewhat turbid due to partial hydrolysis and absorption of carbon dioxide; soluble in alcohol; practically insoluble in ether and in chloroform.
Sodium Phosphate P 32 Solution: Clear, colorless solution. Upon standing, both the Solution and the glass container may darken as a result of the effects of the radiation.
Phosphoric Acid: Colorless, odorless liquid of syrupy consistency. Specific gravity is about 1.71. Miscible with water and with alcohol. NF category: Acidifying agent; buffering agent.
Diluted Phosphoric Acid: Clear, colorless, odorless liquid. Specific gravity is about 1.057. NF category: Acidifying agent.
Physostigmine: White, odorless, microcrystalline powder. Acquires a red tint when exposed to heat, light, air, or contact with traces of metals. Melts at a temperature not lower than 103. Very soluble in chloroform and in dichloromethane; freely soluble in alcohol; soluble in benzene and in fixed oils; slightly soluble in water.
Physostigmine Salicylate: White, shining, odorless crystals or white powder. Acquires a red tint when exposed to heat, light, air, or contact with traces of metals for long periods. Melts at about 184. Freely soluble in chloroform; soluble in alcohol; sparingly soluble in water; slightly soluble in ether.
Physostigmine Sulfate: White, odorless, microcrystalline powder. Is deliquescent in moist air and acquires a red tint when exposed to heat, light, air, or contact with traces of metals for long periods. Melts at about 143. Freely soluble in water; very soluble in alcohol; very slightly soluble in ether.
Phytonadione: Clear, yellow to amber, very viscous, odorless or practically odorless liquid, having a specific gravity of about 0.967. Is stable in air, but decomposes on exposure to sunlight. Soluble in dehydrated alcohol, in benzene, in chloroform, in ether, and in vegetable oils; slightly soluble in alcohol; insoluble in water.
Pilocarpine: A viscous, oily liquid, or crystals melting at about 34. Exceedingly hygroscopic. Soluble in water, in alcohol, and in chloroform; sparingly soluble in ether and in benzene; practically insoluble in petroleum ether.
Pilocarpine Hydrochloride: Colorless, translucent, odorless, faintly bitter crystals. Is hygroscopic and is affected by light. Its solutions are acid to litmus. Very soluble in water; freely soluble in alcohol; slightly soluble in chloroform; insoluble in ether.
Pilocarpine Nitrate: Shining, white crystals. Is stable in air but is affected by light. Its solutions are acid to litmus. Freely soluble in water; sparingly soluble in alcohol; insoluble in chloroform and in ether.
Pimozide: White, crystalline powder. Freely soluble in chloroform; slightly soluble in ether and in alcohol; insoluble in water.
Pindolol: White to off-white, crystalline powder, having a faint odor. Slightly soluble in methanol; very slightly soluble in chloroform; practically insoluble in water.
Pioglitazone Hydrochloride: White crystals or crystalline powder. Soluble in dimethylformamide; slightly soluble in dehydrated alcohol; very slightly soluble in acetone and in acetonitrile; practically insoluble in water; insoluble in ether.
Piperacillin: White to off-white, crystalline powder. Very soluble in methanol; slightly soluble in isopropyl alcohol; very slightly soluble in ethyl acetate and in water.
Piperacillin Sodium: White to off-white solid. Freely soluble in water and in alcohol.
Piperazine: White to slightly off-white lumps or flakes, having an ammoniacal odor. Soluble in water and in alcohol; insoluble in ether.
Piperazine Adipate: White crystalline powder. Soluble in water; practically insoluble in alcohol.
Piperazine Citrate: White, crystalline powder, having not more than a slight odor. Its solution (1 in 10) has a pH of about 5. Soluble in water; insoluble in alcohol and in ether.
Piperazine Dihydrochloride: White crystalline powder. Soluble in water.
Piperazine Phosphate: White crystalline powder. Sparingly soluble in water; practically insoluble in alcohol.
Piroxicam: Off-white to light tan or light yellow, odorless powder. Forms a monohydrate that is yellow. Slightly soluble in alcohol and in aqueous alkaline solutions; very slightly soluble in water, in dilute acids, and in most organic solvents.
Plantago Seed: All varieties are practically odorless and have a bland, mucilaginous taste.
Plicamycin: Yellow, odorless, hygroscopic, crystalline powder. Freely soluble in ethyl acetate; slightly soluble in water and in methanol; very slightly soluble in alcohol.
Podophyllum: Has a slight odor and a disagreeably bitter and acrid taste.
Podophyllum Resin: Amorphous powder, varying in color from light brown to greenish yellow, turning darker when subjected to a temperature exceeding 25 or when exposed to light. Has a slight, peculiar, faintly bitter taste. Its alcohol solution is acid to moistened litmus paper. Soluble in alcohol with a slight opalescence; partially soluble in ether and in chloroform.
Polacrilin Potassium: White to off-white, free-flowing powder. Has a faint odor or is odorless. Insoluble in water and in most liquids. NF category: Tablet disintegrant.
Poliovirus Vaccine Inactivated: Clear, reddish-tinged or yellowish liquid, that may have a slight odor because of the preservative.
Poloxalene: Colorless or pale yellow liquid. Soluble in water, in chloroform, and in ethylene dichloride.
Poloxamer: NF category: Emulsifying and/or solubilizing agent; wetting and/or solubilizing agent.
Poloxamer 124: Colorless liquid, having a mild odor. When solidified, it melts at about 16. Freely soluble in water, in alcohol, in isopropyl alcohol, in propylene glycol, and in xylene.
Poloxamer 188: White, prilled or cast solid. Is odorless, or has a very mild odor. Melts at about 52. Freely soluble in water and in alcohol.
Poloxamer 237: White, prilled or cast solid. Is odorless, or has a very mild odor. Melts at about 49. Freely soluble in water and in alcohol; sparingly soluble in isopropyl alcohol and in xylene.
Poloxamer 338: White, prilled or cast solid. Is odorless, or has a very mild odor. Melts at about 57. Freely soluble in water and in alcohol; sparingly soluble in propylene glycol.
Poloxamer 407: White, prilled or cast solid. Is odorless, or has a very mild odor. Melts at about 56. Freely soluble in water, in alcohol, and in isopropyl alcohol.
Polycarbophil: White to creamy white granules, having a characteristic, ester-like odor. Swells in water to a range of volumes, depending primarily on the pH. Insoluble in water, in dilute acids, in dilute alkalies, and in common organic solvents.
Hydrogenated Polydecene: Clear, colorless, odorless, tasteless liquid. Very slightly soluble in water. NF category: Emollient; ointment base; solvent; vehicle (oleaginous).
Polydextrose: Off-white to light tan-colored solid. Very soluble in water; soluble in alcohol; slightly soluble in glycerin and in propylene glycol. NF category: Bulking agent; humectant.
Hydrogenated Polydextrose: Off-white to light tan-colored solid. Very soluble in water; soluble in alcohol; slightly soluble in glycerin and in propylene glycol. NF category: Bulking agent; coating agent; humectant; tablet binder; suspending and/or viscosity-increasing agent.