von Richter Rearrangement

V. von Richter, Ber. 4, 21, 459, 553 (1871).

Carboxylation of para- or meta-substituted aromatic nitro compounds with cyanate at 120-270°. The carboxyl group enters with cine substitution in a position ortho to the eliminated nitro group:

J. F. Bunnett, Q. Rev. Chem. Soc. 12, 15 (1958); D. Samuel, J. Chem. Soc. 1960, 1318; J. Sauer, R. Huisgen, Angew. Chem. 72, 314 (1960); M. Rosenblum, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 82, 3796 (1960); E. Cullen, P. L'Ecuyer, Can. J. Chem. 39, 144, 154, 382, 862 (1961); E. F. Ullman, E. A. Bartkus, Chem. Ind. (London) 1962, 93; K. M. Ibne-Rasa, E. Koubak, J. Org. Chem. 28, 3240 (1963); G. T. Rogers, T. L. V. Ulbricht, Tetrahedron Lett. 9, 1028 (1968); A. C. Ellis, I. D. Rae, Chem. Commun. 1977, 152; E. Tomitori et al., Yakugaku Zasshi 103, 601 (1983).