Claisen Condensation (Acetoacetic Ester Condensation)

L. Claisen, O. Lowman, Ber. 20, 651 (1887).

Base-catalyzed condensation of an ester containing an α-hydrogen atom with a molecule of the same ester or a different one to give β-keto esters:

C. R. Hauser, B. E. Hudson, Org. React. 1, 266-322 (1942); H. O. House, Modern Synthetic Reactions (W. A. Benjamin, Menlo Park, California, 2nd ed., 1972) pp 734-746; J. F. Garst, J. Chem. Educ. 56, 721 (1979); J. E. Bartmess et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 103, 1338 (1981); B. R. Davis, P. J. Garratt, Comp. Org. Syn. 2, 795-805 (1991). Cf. Dieckmann Reaction.