Knoop-Oesterlin Amino Acid Synthesis

F. Knoop, H. Oesterlin, Z. Physiol. Chem. 148, 294 (1925).

Preparation of α-amino acids by catalytic hydrogenation of α-oxo acids in aqueous ammonia in the presence of platinum, palladium or Raney nickel catalysts, probably via an unstable iminocarboxylate ion intermediate:

H. R. V. Arnstein, R. Bentley, Quart. Rev. 4, 186 (1950); S. Nakamura, K. Ashida, J. Agr. Chem. Soc. Japan 24, 185 (1950-1951); T. Wieland, et al., Houben-Weyl 11/2, 311, 482 (1958); C. W. Huffman, W. G. Skelly, Chem. Rev. 63, 632 (1963).